Term
| What are the two types of oxygen toxicity? |
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Definition
CNS Toxicity (Centeral Nervous System)
and
Pulmenary Toxicity |
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Term
| What is the recomended No Fly time after repetitive/Multi-day diving? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many times faster does water conduct heat than air? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What type of injury is AGE |
|
Definition
Atrerial Gas Embolism
Whenalveoli and capilaries rupture and bubbles enter the blood stream
Signs/Symptoms Dizzyness, confusion, shock, paralisis, personaliy change, unconsiousness, death |
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Term
|
Definition
Excessive levels of Carbondioxide levels.
Leads to :Headaches, incresed breathing, confusion |
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Term
| What is Pneumothorax Injury |
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Definition
An injury where air collects bewteen the lungs and chest wall causing the lungs to collapse.
Sympoms: Coughing of blood, chest pain |
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Term
| What are the two types of DCI (levels) |
|
Definition
Type I: Pain only: Not life threatining, or long term disablilty. "Skin Benda" or a rash
Type II: Affects the nervous system. Could be life threatining, dibilitating. |
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Term
| What is Polmenary Toxicity |
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Definition
| Continuous exposure to Oxygen with a partial pressure of .5 or more |
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Term
| What are the steps the body takes in response to excessive cooling? |
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Definition
| Reduced blood flow to the extremities, Shivering |
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Term
| What are the steps the body takes in response to excessive heat |
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Definition
| Dialating of the capilarries, persperation, acceleration of the pulse |
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Term
| What is Mediatinal Epmhysema |
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Definition
Air from a lung rupture accumulates in the chest over the heart
Symptoms: Faintness, shortness of breath |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of Carbon Monoxide poisoning? |
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Definition
Red lips, Headaches, confusion, narrow vision.
For mild cases, get fresh air.
In severe cases, Provide O2, and call EMT |
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Term
|
Definition
| Insufficent Carbon Dioxide in the blood stream |
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Term
| When do you use DCI vs. DCS? |
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Definition
DCS Talking about disovled nitrogen coming out of solution in the blood.
DCI any dive injury that will likely require hyperbaric treatment |
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Term
| What three circumstances should a cylinder be VIPed |
|
Definition
Loose material heard inside.
Red or Green accumulation observed on the first stage filter
Once a year regardless |
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Term
| What are the three reasons to do a VIP on a cylinder? |
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Definition
| To detect experior damage, interior corrosion, prevent galvanic action between dissimilar metals of the tank and threads |
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Term
| At what depth do EAN divers start to feel Nitrogen Narcosis |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Bubbles travel to the brain and cause arterial gas embolism |
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Term
| What is subcutaneous Emphysema |
|
Definition
Air from lung rupture accumulates in the soft tissues at the base of the neck.
Symptoms: fullness of the neck, voice change, skin "crackles" when touched |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bubbles form rapidly in the capillaries interfering with gas exchange and blood flow. (rare) |
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Term
| What 11 factors can predispose a diver to DCS |
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Definition
| Fat tissue, Alcohol, Age, Excessive CO2, Dehydration, Illness, Injury, Cold Water, Heavy Excersize, Altitude/flying,, A history of DCS |
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Term
|
Definition
| Decompression Illness, overall term for DCS and Lung Expansion injuries |
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Term
| When does oxygen become toxic |
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Definition
| When it's partial pressure exceeds 1.4 ATA |
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Term
|
Definition
| Recreational Dive Plan Table |
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Term
| What are the signs of heat stroke |
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Definition
| Persperation ceases, Skin is hot and flushed, Pulse is rapid and strong |
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Term
| What is a presure related ear injury called |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 10 points a dive briefing should cover? |
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Definition
| Site name, Site discription,Divemasters Role, Entry and exit, Dive procedures, Emergency protocals, Review of signals, Check of roster and buddy teams, Reminder to do pre-dive check, Enviromental orientation |
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Term
| What is a debris or dip tube |
|
Definition
| Tube extending into the cylinder to prevent blockage of the tank valve |
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Term
| What are the two types of cylinder valves? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a tissue compartment Halftime |
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Definition
| The time it takes for a tissue compartment to go halfway from it's present tissue pressure to saturation at a new depth, in exponential progression |
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Term
| What is the M-value of a tissue |
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Definition
| The maximum tissue pressue allowed in the compartment when surfacing to prevent exceeding the acceptable gradient |
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Term
| What pressure will burst a Burst disk? |
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Definition
| 140% of the cylinder's working pressure |
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Term
| What is the formula that expresses pressure change? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three advantages to a an open circuit demand valve regulator? |
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Definition
Uses less air than a free flow system
Avoids carbon dioxide buildup in dead air spaces
Simpler and less expensive than closed circuit systems |
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Term
| How much are objects magnified under water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pressure that exsist at a given moment. Surrounding pressure. |
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Term
| What does the first stage of a regulator reduce tank pressure to in Bar? PSI? KPA? |
|
Definition
10 - 13 Bar
1000 to 3000 KPA
140 to 190 PSI |
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Term
| What is the recomended surface interval before flying after a single dive? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Who created the recreational dive tables? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Electronic Repeditive Dive Plan Calculator |
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Term
| Who are the decompression tables named for? |
|
Definition
John Scott Haldane
Created in 1906 |
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Term
| What do the innitials CTC on a cylinder stand for? |
|
Definition
| Canadian Transportation Commission |
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Term
| What are the 6 components of a recreational scuba system |
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Definition
| BC, BC inflation system, Alternate air source, Regulator, Submersible pressure gauge, Weight system |
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Term
| If you are using the dive tables and plan 3 or more dives in a day and your pressure group is W or X, what is your minimum surface interval? |
|
Definition
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Term
| If you are using the dive tables and plan 3 or more dives in a day and your pressure group is Y or Z, what is your minimum surface interval? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is an unbalanced regulator? |
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Definition
| A regulator designed so that the cylinder air pressure resists or assists the opening of valves in the first stage. (rarely manufactured today) |
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Term
| If you are using dive tables and accidentally decend below 130 feet, what should you do? |
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Definition
| imediatly and safely accend to 15 feet for 8 minutes, then a surface interval of at least 6 hours |
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Term
| Use special high altitude dive tables unless you accended from a lower altitude how many hours prior? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Deutsche Industrie-Norm
O-ring mounts on the regulator which screwes into the DIN valve |
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Term
| What are the three formats Max Pressure could be marked on a tank? |
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Definition
| PSI, BAR, MP (mega Pascal) |
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Term
| What is the guideline for max O2 in enriched air? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 advantages of a dive computer over dive tables ? |
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Definition
| They are easier to use, help ofset human error, give you more time underwater, have bonus features |
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Term
| What are the three types of pressure gauges? |
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Definition
| Diaphram, Digital, Bourdon Tube (oil filled) |
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Term
| What is the oil filled tube in a pressure gauge called? |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Adjusted No Decompression Limit |
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Term
| What are the three factors which disapate light with depth? |
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Definition
| Diffusion, Reflection, Absortion |
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Term
| How much does 1 cubic foot of fresh water weigh? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| How much does 1 cubic foot of salt water weigh? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is Archimedes principle? |
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Definition
| An object in a fluid is bouyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object |
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Term
|
Definition
| Convection occurs when a fluid becomes less dense when heated and rises. Cooler fluid replaces it causing a continuous cycle |
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Term
| What are the 4 types of depth gauges? |
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Definition
| Capillary, Oil Filled, Diaphragm, and Digital |
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|
Term
| how much larger will an object under water appear to be ? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| How do you measure Gauge ATA for salt water? |
|
Definition
Divide depth by 33 feet to get ATA
IE 66 feet = 2 ATA
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Term
| How do you measure Absolute ATA for Salt water? |
|
Definition
Divide depth by 33 feet and add 1 ATA.
IE 66 feet = 3 ATA |
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Term
| How do you measure Gauge ATA for fresh water? |
|
Definition
Divide depth by 34 feet to get ATA
IE, 68 feet = 2 Gauge ATA |
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|
Term
| How do you measure Absolute ATA for fresh water? |
|
Definition
Divide depth by 34 feet and add 1 ATA
IE, 68 feet = 3 absolute ATA |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Haze in water causing an object to apear further than it really is |
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|
Term
| What is the increse in ATA for salt water? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the increse ATA for Fresh water? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| How do you determine partial pressure? |
|
Definition
Partial pressure = gas percentage * absolute pressure.
IE 99 feet = 4 ATA, O2 = 21%, .21 * 4 =.84 ATA |
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Term
| What is partial pressure? |
|
Definition
In a gas mix, each gas exerts pressure independantly of other gasses.
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heat transfer through direct contact |
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|
Term
| How much O2 is in standard air ? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What 4 factors determine how fast a gas will dessolve into a liquid ? |
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Definition
| Pressue of gas, Amount already dissolved, solubility of gas in liquid, surface area |
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|
Term
| What is absolute pressure ? |
|
Definition
Gauge pressure plus Surface Level pressure.
IE MSL = 1 ATA
33 feet = 2 ATA
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|
Term
| What is atmospheric pressure at Sea Level in ATM? BAR PSI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gauge pressure ignores atmospheric pressure.
IE at surface 0 ATA/BAR
33 feet = 1 ATA/BAR |
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|
Term
| How much faster does sound travel through water ? |
|
Definition
| slightly more than 4 times faster |
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|
Term
| What 7 types of information do dive computers provide ? |
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Definition
| No Decompression Limits, Depth, Time, No Decompression time remaining, Ascent rate, Emergency Decompression stops, Previous dive information |
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|
Term
| What is the primary concern reguarding enriched air with equipment ? |
|
Definition
| The high O2 content can cause some materials to oxidize or deteriorate rapidly |
|
|
Term
| What are the two most common Enriched Air blends ? |
|
Definition
EANx32 or Nitrox I
EANx36 or Nitrox II |
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|
Term
| What is a pressure gradient ? |
|
Definition
| The difference between the dissolved nitrogen pressure and surrounding pressure. |
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Term
| What is total bottom time in reference to dive charts ? |
|
Definition
| Actual bottom time plus residual nitrogen from previous dive. |
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|
Term
| What are the three dive computer models ? |
|
Definition
Spencer limits, EE washout
Spencer limits, 60 minute washout
Buhlmann limits, EE washout |
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Term
| What are the 6 rules for using a dive table or computer ? |
|
Definition
For a Cold or Strenuous dive, Plan the dive 10 feet deeper than the actual dive.
Plan successive dives shallower and avoid significant up and downs.
Limit dives within training and experience.
Miniumm 1 hour surface interval if a W or X diver, 3 hours for Y or Z.
Limit repetitive dives to 100 feet or less.
Do not dive deeper than 130 feet. |
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Term
| Using the Haldane model, how long does a compartment take to reach 100% saturation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are "Spencer Limits"? |
|
Definition
| No decompression limits. Named for the man who created them |
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|
Term
| What are the three forms of dive tables? |
|
Definition
| Traditional tables, Nitrox tables, and eRDP tables. |
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|
Term
| Using RDP tables, how do you plan a dive in cold water? |
|
Definition
| add 10 feet to the planed depth |
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|
Term
| No Diver Really Enjoys Putting Extra Shot Pouches On BCs means.... |
|
Definition
| Name of site, Discription of site, Role of divemaster, Exit/entry, Procedures, Emergency protocals, Signals, Predive check, Orientation (enviroment), Buddy check/roster |
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|
Term
| What are the depth limits for....Scuba Divers,Openwater,Advanced, |
|
Definition
Scuba divers 40 feet.
Open water divers 60 feet.
Experenced/extra training 100 feet. |
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Term
| Using RDP and you exceed your NDL by more than 5 minutes, what must you do? |
|
Definition
| Do an emergency decompression stop at 15 feet for no less than 15 minutes, air supply permitting, and remain out of the water for 24 hours |
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Term
| Using RDP and you exceed your NDL by less than 5 minutes, what must you do? |
|
Definition
| Make an emergency decompression stop at 15 feet for 8 minutes, and stay out of the water for 6 hours |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sililar to a thermocline, an abrubt change in salinity |
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|
Term
| The 4 ways you can recognize a rip current are ? |
|
Definition
| a channel of churning water, color difference, line of debries or foam moving seaward, break in the wave pattern |
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