Term
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Definition
| Japan's development into a world power, through industrial development |
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Term
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Definition
| Japan's proposal to turn China into a Japanese colony/protectorate, rejected |
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Term
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Definition
| end of WWI, Japanese wanted colonies from European powers |
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Term
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Definition
| make the nation healthy and the country strong, reflects growing national pride in Japan |
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Term
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Definition
| generation of elder statesmen, from 1910-1920 died off, created lack in leadership |
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Term
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Definition
| new emperor following Meiji, rule was questioned |
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Term
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Definition
| national identity, concerned with how to modernize while maintaining traditional identity |
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Term
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Definition
| - two major Jap. political parties |
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Term
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Definition
| big business working closely with government |
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Term
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Definition
| aka Manchuria, interest of Japan, rich in natural resources |
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Term
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Definition
| Chinese leader uprising, part of democratic movement, fought communists |
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Term
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Definition
| Japanese army unit protecting SM railway, blew it up to blame Chinese agitatos, attacked Chinese, took over Manchuria, established new independent government |
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Term
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Definition
| - Japanese-constructed railway through Manchuria |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of young officers, wanted to institute radical right revolutionary program (Imperial Way) - |
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Term
| Tosei-ha (Control School) - |
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Definition
| led by Tojo Hideki, led nation to war w/ China, both institutions were expansionistic military cliques |
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Term
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Definition
| emperor called on conservatives to take over and suppress radical groups, seized control of Tokyo |
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Term
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Definition
| prominent military leader, 1941, took over as prime minister |
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Term
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Definition
| Attacked and occupied by Japan in 1941, was the site of a Japanese and British conflict involving the handling of prisoners |
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Term
| Marco Polo Bridge incident- |
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Definition
| July 7th 1937 Detachments of japan and china amries fired on each other, marked the beginning of hostilities |
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Term
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Definition
| What identity Japan will construct for itself |
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Term
| Shanghai & Nanking (Nanjing) - |
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Definition
| skirmish between Japan + China at Marco Polo Bridge |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| - Jap. army pushed Chinese back 1000 miles to this city |
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Term
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Definition
| regarded as traitor or "tragic patriot", Chinese leader who worked with Jap. to try and negotiate |
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Term
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Definition
| predicted war w/ Japanese and attack on U.S. Naval bases |
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Term
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Definition
| 1930's ambassador to Japan, conveyed disapproval w/ China, grew critical of lack of economic realism of American gov, in business and trading with Japan |
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Term
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Definition
| secretary of state under FDR |
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Term
| New Order In East Asia (1938) - |
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Definition
| Manchukuo, China, and Japan |
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Term
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Definition
| nationalist propagandists in Washington, supported Chiang Kai' |
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Term
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Definition
| wrote Good Earth, wrote about Chinese peasants to gain sympathy from US public and FDR |
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Term
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Definition
| example of brutalities in China by Jap. soldiers, capital of China at time (1938) |
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Term
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Definition
| missionary in China who filmed brutalities in Japan, brought back to U.S. |
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Term
| W/O Shinohara Hiromichi - |
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Definition
| famous Japanese pilot who shot down many Russian planes in China |
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Term
| Vichy govt (French IndoChina) - |
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Definition
| French gov. under Germany, forced to let Japan take French Indochina |
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Term
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Definition
| cabinet w/ top military leadership, reflected new totalitarian militaristic rule. |
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Term
| National Mobilization Law (1938) ? |
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Definition
| preparations for war, military buildup |
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Term
| Imperial Rule Assistance Assn (1940) ? |
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Definition
| result of dissolved political parties to form one group |
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Term
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Definition
| 1941 took over as prime minister, used to be general |
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Term
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Definition
| was last civilian prime minister |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| secretary of state under FDR |
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Term
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Definition
| Cordell Hull?s chief advisor on Asia, emphasized ?one war? Jap. And Germany same |
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Term
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Definition
| Chinese lobbyist, said any agreement with Japan would betray China |
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Term
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Definition
| wrote up 10 points for Hull for Japan, said Japan renounce tripartite alliance and pull out of Manchuria, refused by Japan |
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Term
| Tripartite Alliance (Axis) ? |
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Definition
| 1940, between Japan, Germany, and Italy |
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Term
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Definition
| origination Japanese fleet that attacked Pearl Harbor |
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Term
| Institute for Total War Studies ? |
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Definition
| top economists said Japan would lose war if lasted 2 years |
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Term
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Definition
| aka "Misty Lagoon", origin of Japanese aviation and where Yamamoto served after harvard |
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Term
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Definition
| Chicf of Navy Genral staff |
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Term
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Definition
| Japanese naval force, the commander of this, if he was a forceful person- could be most influential with his operations |
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Term
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Definition
| Commander in Chief of the Combined Fleet- responsible for planning the war , one strong attack |
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Term
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Definition
| Admiral and commander of Kido Butai (carrier battle group that attacked pearl harbor) |
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Term
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Definition
| Japanese spy in pearl harbor charged with Problem with knowing if they could catch the fleet in port |
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Term
| Col Tsuji Masanobu (Malaya) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (Hong Kong, Singapore)- Jap Spy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Weak response from allies, Japanese never slowed up, Japanese were light infantry and didn-t have huge logistical burden, Japs had superior tech, luck, such as bad weather grounded American planes and got bombed |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| USN communication staption, had rudimentary defenses and was an embarrassing surrender |
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Term
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Definition
| headed Guam defense, had 400 troops w/ less than 200 rifles |
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Term
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Definition
| radioman, ran into hills and hid from Jap, later rescued |
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Term
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Definition
| eastern most extension of Jap. Empire |
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Term
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Definition
| headed defense of Wake Island w/ 400 marines and 12 F4F Wildcats |
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Term
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Definition
| radio man was on the island and ran away- hid in the mountains for 2.5 years- came back to the US and got a medal for his accomplishments |
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Term
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Definition
| fighter pilot, sunk destroyer, destroyed bombers, took over beach defense and led charge against Jap. Invaders, received MOH |
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Term
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Definition
| Fuel stopover for Panam clippers, had 12 planes, Dec 23 Maj Devereux surrenderedVMF-211 (F4F Wildcats) - squadron of 12 planes at Wake Island, key in island defense |
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Term
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Definition
| destroyed by Elrod on Wake Island |
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Term
| Sgt Johnalson E. Wright - |
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Definition
| weighed 320 lb, antiaircraft gunner, was killed |
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Term
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Definition
| real CO of Wake Island, Devereux was more well known |
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Term
| MajGen Jonathan Wainwright - |
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Definition
| Commander at Phillipines served as POW |
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Term
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Definition
| surrendered Baatan after MacArthur left |
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Term
| BrigGen William Brougher - |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| largest US surrender, led to the fall of the Phillipines |
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Term
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Definition
| famous Chinese nurse maid for MacArthur |
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Term
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Definition
| took Philippines, 57000 soldiers, landed on Lingoyen Gulf at Luzon |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| advanced elite Philippine soldiers, helped in defense |
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Term
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Definition
| United States American Forces in Far East |
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Term
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Definition
| ragtag units for defense of Philippines, 110000 reserve men, not well trained or equipped |
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Term
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Definition
| created new Rainbow war plan to replace War Plan Orange |
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Term
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Definition
| new war plan, took global war into account, priority given to war w/ Germany, Philippines could not count on reinforcements |
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Term
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Definition
| allowed for accurate high-level bombing, still never hit ships |
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Term
| Abucay Line (Bataan MLR) ? |
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Definition
| Defensive lines held across Bataan |
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Term
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Definition
| - big rock, reinforced concrete tunnels, big guns Bombed and shelled mercilessly- assaulted by army- 6th of May Corregidor surrendered by Gen Wainright- 15,000 more prisoners taken |
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Term
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Definition
| 170,000 troops surrender by Gen King and started out on the Death March |
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Term
| LtGen Jonathan Wainwright ? |
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Definition
| commander at Corregidor, surrendered to Japanese, 15000 troops |
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Term
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Definition
| British force sent to break up invasion of Malaya, Prince of Wales and Repulse were both sunk by Jap. Planes & torpedoes, did not have air cover, showed that capitol ships could be sunk, began carrier era (naval aviation) |
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Term
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Definition
| defense line, Jap forces used tanks and went through defenses and river w/ straight shot down to Singapore, 80000 capture/surrendered to 30000 Jap |
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Term
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Definition
| Battleships sent by Japs, had no air cover end of battleship eara start of carrier era |
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Term
| LtGen Yamashita Tomoyuki ? |
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Definition
| commander of Jap. Forces in Singapore |
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Term
| MajGen H. Gordon Bennett ? |
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Definition
| Australian general who stole a sailboat and desereted and sailed away |
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Term
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Definition
| seized by 200 Australians |
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Term
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Definition
| Jap. spy, had job in air intelligence, Jap. able to take out RAF, later executed |
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Term
| ABDA, Battle of Java Sea ? |
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Definition
| battle between Dutch navy and Jap. forces, Dutch routed in cruiser-type engagement |
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Term
| Burma Road, Rangoon (Yangon) |
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Definition
| ? important economic objective, had rubber, tin, and rice, easily taken by Japs |
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Term
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Definition
| River failed to defend by Gen Smyth, and blew bridge prematurely, left 2/3 troops behind, |
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Term
| MajGen John G. (Jackie) Smyth VC ? |
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Definition
| leader in charge of British forces, failed in defending river/bridges, failed to occupy high ground, control traffic, and blew bridge prematurely, left 2/3 troops |
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Term
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Definition
| religious/sacred suicide to preserve honor, reflected dedication of Jap. soldier, rarely surrendered or taken prisoner |
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Term
| ?Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors? (1882) ? |
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Definition
| short document, describes tradition of respect for emperor, every soldier read it 20 min/day, called on all servicemen to be loyal, obedient, courageous, and self-sacrificing, taken very seriously |
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Term
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Definition
| renewed emphasis on religion for soliders, militarism Zen |
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Term
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Definition
| make yourself devoted and tough towards empire |
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Term
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Definition
| place believed to be where the souls of dead Jap. soldiers lived on, afterlife |
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Term
| Daito, katana ?samurai sword? |
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Definition
| ? connection to samurai past, tradition |
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Term
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Definition
| Iron Sand what some swords were made out of |
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Term
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Definition
| Great plane but It was harder to fly (controls got stiff) the higher and faster it went, Didn?t turn as well when it broke to the right instead of left Power dynamics- the engine would cut out if it was pushed too hard |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| head of civil defense force |
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Term
| Stewart P. Arnold, Tillamook, Ore |
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Definition
| ? blind WWI veteran rounded up guerilla fighters to defend state in case of attack, reflects paranoia in U.S. |
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Term
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Definition
| B-17 pilot, shot down but crashed into Jap. battleship and sunk it, Irish catholic, first West Point grad. To die in WWII |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| navigator of Kelly B-17, found Haruna |
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Term
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Definition
| shot down 5 Jap. planes, first ace |
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Term
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Definition
| ? ?one man army of Bataan?, got together suicide squad and snuck around at night, killed 116 Jap, was captured |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ? navy nurse, received Legion of Merit, new award for noncombatants, called ?angel of Bataan? |
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Term
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Definition
| PT boats that carried MacArthur out of Bataan |
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Term
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Definition
| first aircraft carriers, built on battle cruiser hulls, |
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Term
| Lexington, Saratoga (1927-1928) ? |
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Definition
| first generation of US carriers |
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Term
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Definition
| (1927-1928) first generation of Jap. carriers |
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Term
| Two-Ocean Navy Bill (1940) ? |
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Definition
| by US, called for 10 new carriers, 5 Essex class carriers by Dec 1941 and 5 more due for 1943 |
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Term
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Definition
| U.S. built 24 by end of war, did not lose any |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| put flat top on to p of transport ship, strengthened air squadrons |
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Term
| Nakajima Type-97 (KATE) ? |
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Definition
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Term
| TBD (Douglas Devastator) ? |
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Definition
| torpedo bomber, slow in combat, low fuel capacity |
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Term
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Definition
| Jap. torpedo, left no wake, finest in the world at the time |
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Term
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Definition
| not very accurate, had to be dropped low and at slow speeds, detonation rate of 40% |
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Term
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Definition
| scandal with US torpedoes, ordinance plant which made all torpedoes, monopoly was defended by lobbyists and congressmen |
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Term
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Definition
| excellent dive-bomber, modeled after German Stuka, required good pilot and fighter escort |
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Term
| SBD (Douglas Dauntless) ? |
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Definition
| dive-bomber, considered obsolete, performed well w/ fighter cover, superseded by Hell Diver in 1942 |
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Term
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Definition
| famous Jap. ace, shot down 64 aircraft, wrote about aviation training, 70/1500 accepted in a class, graduated 25 pilots, resulted in few but fantastic pilots, Jap. could not keep up w/ loss of pilots, no efficient training system |
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Term
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Definition
| started 1935, realistic training program, pilots trained better in some aspects, learned to fly and handle every type of plane, emphasis on deflection gunnery, rotated veteran pilots to train |
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Term
| First Air Fleet (Nagumo) ? |
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Definition
| went from Pearl Harbor to Saipan, did not lose any ships, choose against Yamamoto suggestion to finish off Pearl Harbor |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Japan dispatched invasion fleet from here to capture Port Moresby in New Guinea |
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Term
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Definition
| strategic objective for Jap, Jap wanted to take New Guinea + Solomon Islands to seal off Australia |
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Term
| HMS Cornwall, Dorsetshire, Hermes ? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| more of an administrative officer than a sea commander, he was Chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff for the majority of World War II |
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Term
| RAdm F.J. Fletcher (TF-17) |
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Definition
| 17 ships, was naval aviator commanded the fleets at Coral Sea |
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Term
| 5th Carrier Division (Jap) |
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Definition
| (Adm Takagi) had 70 ships, however inexperienced, Takagi did not know carriers, launched all aircraft but found only destroyer + oil tanker, due to faulty reconnaissance, left carriers defenseless |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| badly damaged, sent back for rapid repairs at Pearl Harbor for upcoming Midway operation, Saratoga also damaged |
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Term
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Definition
| damaged, needed repairs, also lost pilots & bombers, were out of commission, would not take role in Midway |
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Term
| Adm Chester Nimitz (CINCPAC) ? |
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Definition
| commander of naval forces in Pacific, based in Hawaii |
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Term
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Definition
| sunk, seaplane on Tone launched late |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Cdr Stanhope C. Ring (CAG-8) ? |
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Definition
| not regarded as good pilot/leader, disagreed with Waldron on how to find Jap, kept course, never fought, ran out of gas |
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Term
| VT-8 (LCdr Waldron, Ens Gay) ? |
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Definition
| one of the best leaders & navigator, broke off from Ring andled torpedo squadron to Jap. fleet, whole squadron wiped out except for Gay |
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Term
| LCdr Eugene E. Lindsey (VT-6) ? |
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Definition
| good navigator, broke away from course, found Jap, wiped out |
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Term
| LCdr C. Wade McClusky (CAG-6) ? |
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Definition
| led divebombers, followed Arashi destroyer to fleet |
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Term
| Lt James A. Gray (VF-6) ? |
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Definition
| supposed to fly fighter escort, never went below 25000 ft, never found Jap. planes |
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Term
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Definition
| Arashi had been looking for US submarine Nautilus, was followed back to Jap. fleet by divebombers |
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Term
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Definition
| pilot picked up by Arashi, was tortured/killed, made ship visible to American dive-bombers |
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Term
| Cdr Murr E. Arnold (AirO CV-5) ? |
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Definition
| was in battle of Coral Sea, put all Yorktown pilots on one correct heading towards Jap fleet |
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Term
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Definition
| was injured at the Coral Sea battle- she was sunk, but her planes sunk half of the IJN carriers lost that day |
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Term
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Definition
| the destroyer that McClusky followed back to the IJN fleet- the destroyer was going after a US Sub USS Nautilus |
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Term
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Definition
| strategic targets for Jap to cut off Australia, US wanted islands to move up to New Guinea |
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Term
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Definition
| occupied by Jap. in Mar. 1942, |
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Term
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Definition
| Jap. moved down here in May 1942, was British headquarters, good anchorage, moved to build airfield at Guadalcanal |
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Term
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Definition
| ? area around Guadalcanal where ships were put |
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Term
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Definition
| ? laid down U.S Pacific strategy/objectives, 1.hold on to Hawaii 2.support Australia 3.roll up Jap. south flank |
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Term
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Definition
| - this had 3 objectives by Adm King 1- Hold onto Hawaii, 2- Support Australia, 3- Launch as soon as practical an offensive northwest and get the Japanese at Rabaul |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| VAdm Robert Ghormley (COMSOPAC) & Vadm F.J. Fletcher (TF-61) ? |
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Definition
| commanded South Pacific theater |
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Term
|
Definition
| commanded landing force for Guadalcanal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| MajGen A.A. Vandegrift (1stMarDiv) ? |
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Definition
| (1stMarDiv) commanded marine force |
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Term
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Definition
| where first main battle fought, US marines held river to defend airfield |
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Term
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Definition
| naval battle, US lost several cruisers, US had radar but primitive, Jap good at night fighting |
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Term
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Definition
| airfield on Guadalcanal, started by Jap, finished by US, major strategic base, heavily bombarded by Jap, had Cactus Air Force |
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Term
| Col Ichiki Kioyonao (28thInfRegt) ? |
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Definition
| liked nightfighing, put ashore on Guadalcanal as advanced guard, let troops in charges across Tenaru river, resulted in massacre of troops |
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Term
| LtGen Hyakutake Haruyoshi (17th Army) |
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Definition
| ? Jap area commander, would not admit defeat |
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Term
| MajGen Kawaguchi Kiyotake (35thBrig) ? |
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Definition
| Jap. Commander for Bloody Ridge, unorganized attack |
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Term
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Definition
| called for suicidal charge by Jap to take Henderson field |
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Term
| LtGen Maruyama Masao (2ndDiv) ? |
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Definition
| had 20,000 men, supposed to move through jungle and attack field, were delayed and failed |
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Term
| Thompson submachine gun ? |
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Definition
| favored by soldiers in South Pacific, due to high ROF for jungle, not reliable in Islands, sounded a lot like Jap. machine gun |
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Term
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Definition
| new semi-automatic rifle, more accurate & reliable, better than single-bolt action Springfield |
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Term
| Col Merritt Edson (1st Raider BN) |
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Definition
| ? defended Tulagi and fought at Bloody Ridge |
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Term
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Definition
| fatally wounded, worked w/ Edson to hold ridge |
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Term
|
Definition
| kept machine guns operating and manned at key points in battle, most famous, aka Manila John |
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Term
|
Definition
| killed lots of Jap. at Tenaru River in first Jap. attack |
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Term
|
Definition
| member of British navy police, captured and tortured, escaped and gave information to US, knighted by Queen Elizabeth |
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Term
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Definition
| ? only survivor of 30 men, held off lots of Jap, injured 14 times, given navy cross and MOH |
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Term
|
Definition
| force of 64 planes at Guadalcanal (F4 and Dauntless and army planes) |
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Term
| Maj Lofton R. Henderson ? |
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Definition
| airfield named after him, drove plane into Jap ship at Midway |
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Term
|
Definition
| first marine aviator ace, also first marine helicopter pilot, first CO of jet squadron, test pilot, first man to land jet on carrier |
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Term
|
Definition
| biggest Marine ace, shot down 32 Jap. Planes |
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Term
| P-38 Lockheed Lightning ? |
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Definition
| new aircraft released in 1942, high altitude fighter-bomber, reflects new military tech, represented new challenge to zeroes |
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Term
|
Definition
| elite Jap. air force, reflects Jap bunching together of elite pilots, while US sent veterans back to train new pilots, 20 left out of 150 pilots after 1942 |
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Term
|
Definition
| naval battle, US lost several ships + two admirals, Jap Commander withdrew instead of assisting landing party and bombarding Henderson |
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Term
| Sullivan brothers (Juneau) ? |
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Definition
| both brothers killed when ship sank, afterwards brothers served on separate ships |
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Term
|
Definition
| prototype for new class of cruiser, sunk in nov. 1942, lost 170 out of 700 men |
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Term
|
Definition
| commander of Tokyo Express |
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Term
|
Definition
| supply line from Japan to south pacific, failed when U.S. gained control of sea and air |
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Term
|
Definition
| Runs through middle of Solomon islands where Tokyo express ran |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Knocked out by Japs in Battle of Guadacanal, newest battle ship |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lost on the first night o the Battle of Guadacanal, only 10 survivorsv150 people in the water, but no rescue attempt was really made. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lost on the first night o the Battle of Guadacanal. prototype for the Atlanta class cruisers- whole lot of guns- intended for anti-aircraft and bombardment. |
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Term
|
Definition
| all 5 were killed when Juno was sunk |
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Term
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Definition
| head of the Tokyo Express- very respected by the Americans |
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Term
|
Definition
| replaced Ghormly as Commander of South Pac Theater- imediately went to attack attack kinda of posture- very offensive focus. Lost the carrier Hornet, but things went very well after that. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Not getting things done as Commander of South Pac Theatre |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Battle of comadorsky Islanda, |
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Definition
| where US defeated a Jap reasupply to Attu and Kiska |
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Term
|
Definition
| MacArthurÕs chief of staff, smart but sinister |
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Term
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Definition
| all of MacArthurÕs officers from Bataan |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1 Guadalcanal, 2 Be in New Guinea- basically MacArthurÕs job. Taking the Jap out of E new Guinea and taking W part of the Solomons., 3 Final capture of Rabaul |
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Term
| 1942 New Guinea Campaign- |
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Definition
| Japs already had two air bases here at Lae and Salamaus. Owen Stanley Range- go as high as 13,000 feet. Largly unknown to westerners at this time |
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Term
|
Definition
| track across the Owen Stanley Range, can go from Pt Moresby and Buna. |
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| Gen Horii- about 5000 troops that came down from Rabaul |
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| Last jap stronghold on New Guinea fell on 22 Jan. Americans did stop the Jap offensive on New Guinea |
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| 1868, China and Japan going through change. Japan was more successful as they modernized and had a nationalistic sense. |
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| Japanese defeated Russians in 1905 to become the dominate power in the east |
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| One of the early jap carriers (1927-1928) |
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