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PA Pharmacology
Terms/Abbreviations
181
Pharmacology
Graduate
05/26/2011
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Term
Drugs
 Definition
Biological or chemical agents
Term
Medicines/Medications
 Definition
Therapeutic drugs
Term
Vitamins
 Definition
Organic substances found in food that are also a form of drugs
Term
Federal Drug Administration (FDA)
 Definition
Regulates the testing, manufacture, content, and distribution of all drugs that are not part of or derived from food
Term
United States Pharmacopeia (U.S.P.)
 Definition
Independent committee in publications collected and published setting the standards for approval of drugs
Term
Hospital Formulary
 Definition
Lists drugs that are approved for patient care in that particular facility
Term
Physicians's Desk Reference (PDR)
 Definition
widely used reference for physicians that list drugs by their drug class
Term
Pharmacology
 Definition
The science that studies, develops, and test drugs
Term
Pharmacodynamics
 Definition
The study of how drugs affect the body
Term
Toxicology
 Definition
The study of harmful effects of drugs on the body and of antidotes
Term
Antidote
 Definition
Substances able to cancel out unwanted effects
Term
Pharmacokinetics
 Definition
The study of how drugs are absorbed, metabolized, and excreted over time
Term
Over-the-counter (OTC)
 Definition
Sold without a doctor's prescription
Term
Prescription
 Definition
An order for medication with the dosages, directions, route, and timing of administration included
Term
Pharmacist or druggist
 Definition
Dispenses prescription drugs
Term
Contraindicated
 Definition
advised against to be taken along with the medication being given
Term
Chemical Name
 Definition
Describes the chemical formula of the drug
Term
Generic Name
 Definition
The official name of the drug and is often shortened or simpler version of the chemical name for legal purposes
Term
Trade/Brand/Proprietary Name
 Definition
Name that is given and copyrighted by the manufacturer for a specific drug
Term
Analgesic
 Definition
Relieves pain without causing loss of consciousness
Term
Anesthetic
 Definition
Produces a lack of feeling either locally or generally throughout the body
Term
Antacid
 Definition
Neutralizes stomach acid
Term
Antianemic
 Definition
Replaces iron
Term
Antianginal
 Definition
Dilates coronary arteries to increase blood flow and reduce angina
Term
Antianxiety
 Definition
Relieves anxiety
Term
Antiarrhythmic
 Definition
Controls cardiac arrhythmias
Term
Antibiotic, Anti-infective, Antibacterial
 Definition
Destroys or inhibits the growth of harmful microorganisms
Term
Anticholinergic
 Definition
Blocks certain nerve impulses and muscular reactions, as in the movements of Parkinson's disease, or in case of nausea
Term
Anticoagulant
 Definition
Prevents blood clotting
Term
Anticonvulsant
 Definition
Inhibits convulsions
Term
Antidepressant
 Definition
prevents or relieves symptoms of depression
Term
Antidiabetic
 Definition
Lowers blood sugar or increases insulin sensitivity
Term
Antidiarrheal
 Definition
Prevents or slows diarrhea
Term
Antiemetic
 Definition
Prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting
Term
Antifungal
 Definition
Destroys or inhibits fungal growth
Term
Antihistamine
 Definition
Slows allergic reactions by counteracting histamines
Term
Antihypertensive
 Definition
Controls high blood pressure
Term
Anti-inflammatory, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
 Definition
counteracts inflammation
Term
antineoplastic
 Definition
destroys malignant cells
Term
Antiparkinson
 Definition
Controls symptoms of Parkinson's disease
Term
Antipsycotic
 Definition
Controls symptoms of schizophrenia and some psychoses
Term
Antipyretic
 Definition
Reduces fever
Term
Antitubercular
 Definition
Decreases growth of microorganisms that cause tuberculosis
Term
Antitussive, Expectorant
 Definition
Prevents or relieves coughing
Term
Antiulcer
 Definition
relieves and heals ulcers
Term
Antiviral
 Definition
Controls the growth of viral microorganisms
Term
Barbiturate
 Definition
Controls epileptic seizures
Term
Bronchodilator
 Definition
Dilates bronchial passages
Term
Decongestant
 Definition
Reduces nasal congestion and/or swelling
Term
Diuretic
 Definition
Increases excretion of urine
Term
Hemostatic
 Definition
Controls or stops bleeding
Term
Hypnotic, Sedative
 Definition
Produces sleep or a hypnotic state
Term
Hypoglycemic
 Definition
Lowers bood glucose levels
Term
Laxative
 Definition
Loosens stool and promotes normal bowel elimination
Term
Vasodilator
 Definition
Decreases blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels
Term
Hormones
 Definition
Chemical substances in the body that form in one organ and have an effect on another organ or part
Term
Elixir
 Definition
Oral liquid dissolved in alcohol
Term
Tincture
 Definition
Topical liquid dissolved in alcohol
Term
Solution
 Definition
Drug dissolved in liquid
Term
Suspension
 Definition
Drug particles suspended in liquid, must shake before administration
Term
Emulsion
 Definition
Drug particles suspended with oil or fat in water
Term
Lozenge
 Definition
Drug in a candy-like base dissolves slowly and coast the oral pharynx
Term
Syrup
 Definition
Oral liquid drug in a thick solution coats the oral pharynx
Term
Suppositories
 Definition
Drugs mixed with a semisolid melting substance, are inserted into the vagina, rectum, or urethra are either topical or systematic drugs
Term
Topically
 Definition
Generally a lotion or cream applied to surface of the skin
Term
Inhalation
 Definition
Form of administration in which tiny droplets are inhaled through an inhaler, nebulizer, or spray
Term
Parenateral
 Definition
Injection of a drug
Term
Buccally
 Definition
Inside the cheek
Term
Enteric-coated
 Definition
Having a coating (as on a capsule) that prevents stomach irritation
Term
Infusion
 Definition
Administration of a fluid through an intravenous tube at a slow and steady rate
Term
Intra-arterial
 Definition
Injection directly into an artery
Term
Intracardiac
 Definition
Injected directly into heart muscle
Term
Intracutaneous/Intradermal
 Definition
Injected just beneath the outer layer of skin
Term
Intramuscular
 Definition
Injected deep into muscle tissue
Term
Intraosseus
 Definition
Injected directly into bone
Term
Intraspinal/Intrathecal
 Definition
Injected directly into spinal spaces
Term
Intravenous
 Definition
Administered through a tube into a vein
Term
Metabolize
 Definition
To change chemically or physically so as to make useful
Term
Subcutaneous
 Definition
Injected into the fatty layer of tissue beneath the outer layer of the skin
Term
Sublingually
 Definition
Under the tongue
Term
Syringe
 Definition
Instrument used for injection or withdrawal of fluids
Term
Vial
 Definition
Small receptacle for holding liquid or pill medications
Term
Chem(o)
 Definition
Chemical
Term
Pyret(o)
 Definition
Fever
Term
Tox(o), Toxi, Toxico
 Definition
Poison
Term
aa, __
aa
 Definition
of each
Term
a.c.
 Definition
Before meals
Term
ad
 Definition
up to
Term
a.d., AD
 Definition
Right ear
Term
ad lib
 Definition
freely, as often as desired
Term
AM, a.m., A
 Definition
Morning
Term
a.s., AS
 Definition
Left ear
Term
a.u., AU
 Definition
Each ear
Term
BID, b.i.d.
 Definition
Twice a day
Term
c, _
c
 Definition
With
Term
cap., caps.
 Definition
capsule
Term
cc., cc
 Definition
cubic centimeter
Term
comp.
 Definition
compound
Term
cx
 Definition
contraindicated
Term
DAW
 Definition
dispense as written
Term
dil.
 Definition
dilute
Term
disc, DC, dc
 Definition
discontinue
Term
disp.
 Definition
dispense
Term
div.
 Definition
divide
Term
DW
 Definition
distilled water
Term
D5W
 Definition
dextrose 5% in water
Term
dx, Dx
 Definition
diagnosis
Term
elix.
 Definition
elixir
Term
e.m.p.
 Definition
as directed
Term
ex aq.
 Definition
in water
Term
ext.
 Definition
extract
Term
FDA
 Definition
Food and Drug Administration
Term
fld. ext.
 Definition
fluid extract
Term
FUO
 Definition
fever of unknown origin
Term
g, gm
 Definition
gram
Term
gr
 Definition
grain, gram
Term
gtt
 Definition
drop
Term
H
 Definition
hypodermic
Term
h.
 Definition
every hour
Term
h.s.
 Definition
at bedtime
Term
IM
 Definition
intramuscular
Term
inj
 Definition
injection
Term
IV
 Definition
intravenous
Term
mcg
 Definition
microgram
Term
mEq
 Definition
milliequivalent
Term
mg
 Definition
milligram
Term
ml
 Definition
milliliter
Term
n., noct.
 Definition
night
Term
non rep.
 Definition
do not repeat
Term
NPO
 Definition
nothing by mouth
Term
NPO p MN
 Definition
nothing by mouth after midnight
Term
N.S., NS
 Definition
normal saline
Term
NSAID
 Definition
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Term
N&V
 Definition
nausea and vomiting
Term
o.d., OD
 Definition
right eye
Term
oint., ung.
 Definition
ointment, unguent
Term
o.l.
 Definition
left eye
Term
o.s.
 Definition
left eye
Term
OTC
 Definition
over the counter
Term
o.u.
 Definition
each eye
Term
oz.
 Definition
ounce
Term
p
 Definition
post, after
Term
p.c.
 Definition
after meals
Term
PDR
 Definition
physician's desk reference
Term
PM, p.m., P
 Definition
afternoon
Term
p.o.
 Definition
by mouth
Term
PRN, p.r.n.
 Definition
repeat as needed
Term
pulv., pwdr
 Definition
powder
Term
qam
 Definition
every morning
Term
q.d.
 Definition
every day
Term
q.h.
 Definition
every hour
Term
q.i.d.
 Definition
four times a day
Term
QNS
 Definition
quantity not sufficient
Term
q.o.d.
 Definition
every other day
Term
q.s.
 Definition
sufficient quantity
Term
R
 Definition
rectal
Term
Rx
 Definition
prescription
Term
s, _
s
 Definition
without
Term
Sig.
 Definition
patient directions such as route and timing of medication
Term
SL
 Definition
sublingual
Term
sol., soln.
 Definition
solution
Term
s.o.s.
 Definition
if there is need
Term
sp.
 Definition
spirit
Term
ss, __
ss
 Definition
one-half
Term
stat
 Definition
immediately
Term
subc, subq, s.c.
 Definition
subcutaneously
Term
supp., suppos
 Definition
suppository
Term
susp.
 Definition
suspension
Term
sym, Sym, Sx
 Definition
symptom
Term
syr.
 Definition
syrup
Term
tab.
 Definition
tablet
Term
tbsp.
 Definition
tablespoon
Term
t.i.d.
 Definition
three times a day
Term
tinct., tr.
 Definition
tincture
Term
TPN
 Definition
total parenteral nutrition
Term
TPR
 Definition
temperature, pulse, respirations
Term
tsp.
 Definition
teaspoon
Term
U, u
 Definition
unit
Term
u.d.
 Definition
as directed
Term
ung.
 Definition
ointment, ungent
Term
U.S.P.
 Definition
United States Pharmacopeia
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