Term
| Convergence Insufficiency |
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Definition
| Approximate ortho at distance High exo at near |
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Term
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Definition
| Approximate ortho at distance High eso at near |
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Term
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Definition
| High eso at distance Approx ortho at near |
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Term
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Definition
| High exo at distance Approx ortho at near |
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Term
| Causes of Divergence Insufficiency |
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Definition
Anatomical factors, possibly uncorrected hyperopia w/ low AC/A
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Term
| Causes of convergence excess |
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Definition
Excess accommodation due to uncorrected hyperopia, accommodative spasms/pseudomyopia or early presbyopia, high AC/A
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Term
| Management of Divergence Insufficiency |
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Definition
| Correct Rx, train w/ flippers or other VT exercisese, use physiological diplopia to improve vergence accuracy |
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Term
| Management of Convergence Excess |
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Definition
| Correct Rx, Use bifocals if AC/A high, train divergence at near w/ flippers, reduce working distance |
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Term
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Definition
Maybe an underlying cause for eso at near and eso at distance --> mixed eso
symptoms: Optic ataxia, ocular apraxia, simultanagnosia |
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Term
| Causes of Divergence excess |
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Definition
| basic exo w/ high AC/A, anatomical factors |
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Term
| Management of Divergence excess |
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Definition
| VERY DIFFICULT, train vergence w/ physiological diplopia, train convergence at distance |
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Term
| Causes of convergence insufficiency |
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Definition
| under accommodation, uncorrected myopia, absolute hyperopia, suppression --> monocular viewing, presbyopia, large PD |
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Term
| Management of Convergence insufficiency |
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Definition
| Correct Rx, if receded NPC, treat w/ pen-to-nose exercises, train w/ accom flippers, train vergence w/ flippers, brock string |
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Term
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Definition
| Base-in prism (only time prism may be helpful), but treat the underlying cause |
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