Term
| Name what UV radiation exposure ultimately leads to. |
|
Definition
Premature skin aging
Skin Cancer
Photodermatoses |
|
|
Term
| What medications can cause photosensitivity? |
|
Definition
antidepressants
antihistamines
antihypertensives
diuretics
NSAIDS
Antibiotics
Antimalarials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
320-400nm
premature aging, skin cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
290-320 nm
"sunburn radiation" and skin cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are patient risk factors for UVR-induced problems? |
|
Definition
Fair Skin History of sunburns
Blonde/Red Hair growths caused by exposure
melanoma in the family immunosuppressive drug use
photosensitizing drugs autoimmune disease
blue, green,gray eyes excessive exposure |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of skin cancer |
|
Definition
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Melanoma |
|
|
Term
| Which cancer is the most deadly of all skin cancers? |
|
Definition
| Melanoma, although it's also rare |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of skin cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Melanoma ABCD-stands for? |
|
Definition
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
UVR penetrates water, t-shirts, wet clothing, some car windows.
Umbrellas are NOT sufficient protection
Sunscreen eventually expires and must be reapplied regularly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Watch Global UV index daily
avoid sun exposure during high UV
Wear long sleeves, pants, SPF clothing, hats with at least a 4 inch brim
Stay in the shade. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sun Protection Factor - the ratio of time to burn compared to unprotected skin and measures UVB, not UVA |
|
|
Term
| SPF 30 blocks _____% of UVB. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SPF 70 theoretically blocks ______% UVB |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SPF 2-14 products and products that protect against UVB can be labeled as "broad spectrum" if: |
|
Definition
| They pass the required UVA testing |
|
|
Term
| What can SPF 2-14 claim and how must they label? |
|
Definition
| They claim to "help prevent" sunburn but must carry a warning "Spending time in the sun increases risk of skin cancer and early skin aging. This product prevents sunburn but not necessarily skin cancer or premature aging) |
|
|
Term
| SPF 15 and higher are allowed to carry what label and what claim? |
|
Definition
| May be labeled broad spectrum assuming they pass UVA UVB testing and are able to claim risk reduction for skin cancer and early skin aging |
|
|
Term
| Products are now limited from claiming an SPF above what? |
|
Definition
| 50, they can only say "50+" |
|
|
Term
| What are the labeling rules for water resistance in sunscreen products? |
|
Definition
| They must put the number of minutes the product has been tested to be water resistant, either 40 or 80 minutes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
They absorb UVR, but not necessarily above wavelength 320
Must be applied 15 - 30 minutes prior to exposure
Should not be applied to infants under six months old |
|
|
Term
| How do physical sunscreens work? |
|
Definition
They scatter or reflect UVR
They absorb SOME light
They protect against all wavelengths in the visible spectrum
They may be applied just before sun exposure to provide SOME protection |
|
|
Term
| What is proper sunscreen application? |
|
Definition
total ~22.5mL of average adult
(face and neck 1/2 tea)
(arms&shoulders 1/2 tea to each side of body)
(torso 1/2 tea to each front and back)
(legs and top of feet 1 tea to each side of body) |
|
|
Term
| Patient counseling beyond how much to apply: |
|
Definition
Apply 15-30 minutes before exposure
Reapply after swimming, sweating, or toweling
Tan will provide SOME protection
Always apply sunscreen before insect repellants |
|
|
Term
| What are exclusions for sun exposure |
|
Definition
Xeroderma pigmentosum
Allergy to all sun protecting ingredients
Under 6 months old |
|
|
Term
| What are signs and symptoms of a sunburn? |
|
Definition
erythema, tenderness, pain, and swelling
blisters, fever, chills, severe burns may cause shock |
|
|
Term
| NonPharm Therapy for sunburns |
|
Definition
get out of the sun
cool tap water soaks 3 to 6 times er day for 15 to 30 minutes |
|
|
Term
| Pharmacological Recommendations for sunburn: |
|
Definition
| Topical Protectants, Systemic Analgesics, Topical Anesthetics, OTC aloe products for relief |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of topical skin protectants? |
|
Definition
| allantoin, cocoa butter, white petrolatum, petrolatum, and shark liver oil (can be used PRN) |
|
|
Term
| What are systemic analgesics that can be used for sunburn? |
|
Definition
| APAP, NSAIDS (preferred due to prostaglandin inhibition) |
|
|
Term
| What are topical anesthetics used for sunburn? |
|
Definition
"-caine" products
benzocaine
lidocaine
dibucaine
tetracaine
pramoxine |
|
|
Term
| For topical anesthetics, what are the restrictions for sunburn? |
|
Definition
| Use lower concentrations if skin is broken, relief is short lived, must be used on areas that total only 1-2% of BSA, should be used only 3 to 4 times per day |
|
|
Term
| Who should avoid aloe products? |
|
Definition
| People who are allergic to garlic, onions, tulips, and plants from the Liliaceae family |
|
|
Term
| Who is EXCLUDED from sunburn self care? |
|
Definition
| BSA>2% ; Burns around eyes, ears, face, hands, feet, perineum ; chemical burns ; electric, inhaled burns; advanced age; DM or other medical disorders ; immunocompromised patients. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reddened but unbroken skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blister or partial-thickness skin loss (involves epidermis and part of dermis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| full-thickness skin loss, damage may be down to subcutaneous tissue; refer out for treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stage 3, but with underlying muscle, tendon, or bone involvement. Again REFER |
|
|
Term
| What are self treatment exclusions for minor wounds? |
|
Definition
Wounds with foreign matter despite irrigation
Chronic Wounds
Wounds due to Animal or Human(which is animal) bite
Signs of Infection
Involvement of face, mucous membranes, genitals
diabetics
deep wounds (beyond dermis) |
|
|
Term
| Name the three stages of wound healing: |
|
Definition
| inflammatory, proliferative, then maturation |
|
|
Term
| What are common wound irrigants and what do they do? |
|
Definition
| Normal saline or water; Cleans wound by removing dirt and debris. |
|
|
Term
| Just the names of the different antiseptics. |
|
Definition
Hydrogen peroxide 3% Ethyl alcohol 20-70%
Isopropyl alcohol 70% Iodine
Povidone-iodine Camphorated phenol |
|
|
Term
| Where are antiseptics supposed to be applied? |
|
Definition
| Just around the wound for disinfectant purposes to decrease infection rate |
|
|
Term
| Things to know about Hydrogen Peroxide 3% |
|
Definition
effervescence due to oxygen release
DON"T use on abscesses
Wound should be dry before applying dressings
limited bactericidal affect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Good bactericidal activity
Can irritate tissue and cause skin dehydration
wait for the alcohol to dry before applying bandages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
STRONGER bactericidal activity than ethyl alcohol
for antiseptic use on INTACT skin
INTACT. I for isopropyl, I for intact.again...INTACT.
flammable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
broad antimicrobial spectrum against bacteria, fungi, viri, spores, protozoa, and yeast. (apparently iodine is superman in liquid form)
Solution is better than tincture. Tinctures annoy tissues
DO NOT BANDAGE
Stains skin, irritates tissues, can cause allergic reactions. Iodine deserves your respect. |
|
|
Term
| What is Betadine and notes about Betadine. |
|
Definition
Povidone-Iodine
rapid bactericidal activity
won't irritate skin or mucous membranes
can be systemically absorbed if used on open wounds
watch out-overuse can cause thyroid dysfunction and renal dysfunction.
Iodine-povidone is sinister, keep your eye on it and it works well. |
|
|
Term
| Camphorated Phenol; so what? |
|
Definition
| HIGH concentrations of phenol, which can be caustic when applied to wet skin, so apply only to dry skin (obviously). Don't apply bandages after using this. |
|
|
Term
| Who needs a first aid antibiotic? |
|
Definition
| anyone with a minor cut, wound, scrape, or burn. It prevents infection. Can be applied up to three times per day and is especially beneficial in disgustingly dirty wounds with debris. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stops cell-well formation in gram positive organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Binds to the 30s ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis in gram NEGATIVE organisms. "Negative Neomycin" |
|
|
Term
| What does Polymyxin B sulfate do? |
|
Definition
| alters the permeability of cell walls of gram-negative organisms. "Permeable Polly" |
|
|
Term
| Antimicrobial Wound Dressings are good for: |
|
Definition
| decreasing bacterial load in the wound |
|
|
Term
| Nonadherent Wound Dressings |
|
Definition
| Don't "adhere" to wound. Won't damage newly formed tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Placed directly on the wound surface. Absorbs exudate (gross) and provides protection |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Wound Dressings; |
|
Definition
| Placed directly over "primary" dressings for additional protectiong, absorption and compression |
|
|
Term
| Neosporin has what active ingredients? |
|
Definition
| Bacitracin/Polymyxin B/Neomycin |
|
|
Term
| Neosporin Plus has what ingredients in it? |
|
Definition
| Polymyxin B/Neomycin/Pramoxine |
|
|
Term
| Polysporin has what ingredients in it? |
|
Definition
|
|
