Term
| What are the important signalling molecules for Osteogenesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the important genes for osteogenesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the viscerocranium? From what cells are viscerocranium bones derived? |
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Definition
Viscerocranium are the bones that surround the oral cavity, pharynx, and upper respiratory passages.
Derived from Neural Crest cells |
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Term
| From where are the vertebral column, sternum, and ribs derived? |
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Definition
| Scleratome (paraxial mesoderm) |
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Term
| What is the neurocranium? From where are the cells derived? |
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Definition
Neurocranium are the bones that surround the brain.
They are derived from neural crest cells except for the basilar part of the occipital bone |
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Term
| What are the bones of the appendicular skeleton? From what cells are they derived? |
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Definition
Appendicular skeleton contains all the bones that are not axial skeleton: clavicle, scapula, bones of upper and lower skeleton, and pelvis
They are derived from lateral plate mesoderm |
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Term
| What is the function of osteoblast? |
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Definition
| Osteoblast deposit bone matrix |
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Term
| What is the function of Osteoclast? |
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Definition
| Osteoclast break bones down |
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Term
| What are the two mechanisms of bone development? |
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Definition
| Intramembranous and Endochondrial (intracartilagnious) ossification |
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Term
| The bones of the head and neck are derived from which mechanism? |
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Definition
Intramembranous ossification:
exceptions: petrous and mastoid portion of temporal, base of occipital, hyoid, and styloid process |
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Term
| Bones which are not of the head and neck are derived from which process? |
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Definition
Intracartilaginous.
Exceptions: clavicle |
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Term
| What is Klippel-Feil syndrome? |
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Definition
| developmental issues with hox gene expression. Result in fused or missing vertebrae |
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Term
| What is the developmental cause of scoliosis? |
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Definition
| Half of the vertebrae does not develop, introduces the lateral bending |
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Term
| What signalling molecule causes a cranial shift if taken early in development and a caudal shift if taken late (regulation of hox gene expression)? |
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Definition
| Vitamin A (retinoic acic) |
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Term
| What is congenital spondylolisthesis? |
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Definition
| This is a developmental disorder in which the pedicle and lamina of stacked vertebrae do not interact to form the articular process. This results in anterior displacement of vertebrae and strain on the nerves |
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Term
| What is cleidocranial dysplasia? |
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Definition
| this is a developmental disorder in which one does not have clavicles |
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Term
| What is oligiohydraminos? What can it cause? |
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Definition
| This is the condition in which the amniotic cavity has too little fluid. This can cause conformational disfigurement (such as club foot) from the fetus being pressed against the wall of the amnion |
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Term
| What is amniotic band syndrome? |
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Definition
| This is when a tear in the amniotic membrane wraps around limbs or digits severing them or stunting their growth |
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Term
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Definition
Syndrome characterized by low production of elastin.
Subjects have very long bones and digits. Many complications can arise from Marfan's Syndrome |
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Term
| What is Osteogenesis Imperfecta? |
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Definition
| Autosomal dominant or recessive disorder. Results in brittle bones that break very easily |
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Term
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Definition
| Syndrome that results in large jaw, hands, and feet. Sometimes can result in Gigantism |
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Term
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Definition
| Autosomal dominant genetic disorder. Results in premature ossification of epiphyseal plates of the long bones |
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