Term
|
Definition
| Do Jackson's w/slight extension and if negative, bonk in neutral and lateral bending (both sides). Positive is 1=pain on side of flexion; 2=nerve root irritation associated with 1=IVF compression; 2=nerve root irritation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient is supine. Palpate abdominal muscles to locate umbilicus. Examiner fixes the patient's legs to table and patient performs partial situp with hands folded across chest. Positive is umbilicus drawn upward associated with abdominal weakness and myelopathy associated w/T10 spinal level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bilateral, patient extends arms to shoulder level w/hands supinated. Hold for few sec. Closes eyes, rotates head to one side and hyperextends the neck. Positive is Slow dropping of one arm associated with Artery stenosis/compression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bilateral. Patient is standing and is instructed to outstretch the arms, supinate the hands and close the eyes; then march in place and extend and rotate the head while continuing to march. Positive is Loss of balance, dropping arms, pronating hands associated with Artery stenosis/compression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Measure chest diameter at 4th intercostal space after full exhale and then again upon inhale. Positive is Normal difference is 5.75cm-7.62cm or 1.5-3in associated with AS |
|
|
Term
| Forestier's Bowstring Sign |
|
Definition
| Patient standing, spine visible. Instruct patient to lateral flex w/o rotation to each side Positive is ipsilateral tightening of paraspinal musculature associated with AS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supine or side posture. Patient will wrap arms around their body and attempt to rise from this position Positive is localized pain at thoracolumbar or thoracic associated with AS, sprain, or IVD syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Laterally flex the head and apply axial compression for 5 sec Positive is Pain radiating down arm associated with cervical nerve root irritation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bilateral. Palpate radial pulse of involved side. Patient instructed to rotate and extend head toward affected arm - take a deep breath and hold, examiner reassesses pulse. Repeat other side Positive is Weakening of pulse Associated with entrapment of neurovascular bundle on symptomatic side associated with TOS or Cerv Rib Syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bilateral seated w/arms at side. Palpate pulse bilaterally. Apply downward pressure on affected arm while patient hyperextends neck. Recheck pulse for 15-30 sec. Repeat other side. If negative, repeat with contralateral rotation Positive is Weakening of pulse associated with entrapment of neurovascular bundle on symptomatic side causing TOS or Cerv Rib Syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bilateral. Examiner palpates radial pulse and patient is then instructed to take a deep breath, hold it and pull his shoulders back protruding the chest and is then instructed to flex the chin to the chest. Hold 15-30 sec and recheck pulse Positive is Weakening of pulse associated with entrapment of neurovascular bundle on symptomatic side causing TOS or Cerv Rib Syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient supine. As patient inhales and exhales, the AP movement of the ribs is palpated and restriction is noted Positive is abnormal movement associated with rib abnormality:Exhale=low-elevated rib; Inhale=upper-depressed rib |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Compression with flexion Positive is seated reproduces cervical pain or decreases pain associated with pain increase=disc defect; decrease=Facet pathology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Compression with 30 degrees extension; seated Positive is reproduces cervical pain or decreases pain associated with Pain increase=IVF; decrease=posterolateral disc defect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient supine. Examiner applies steady pressure to patient's sternum. Examiner lifts the patient's head flexing the cervical spine and approximating chin to chest Positive is Pain in cervical or thoracic or unable to complete associated with knees or thigh reflex=meningitis; subluxation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Axial compression for 5 sec Positive is Pain radiating down arm associated with Pain Local = foraminal encroachment; Radicular = nerve root pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient is supine. Examiner notes and antalgic like positions. Patient attempts to raise thoracic/pelvic spine off table w/shoulders and feet remaining on table. Positive is Inability to hyperextend associated with TB spondylitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient extends arms to 90 degrees with hands supine. Holds position w/eyes closed for 15-30 sec Positive is Slow dropping of one arm associated with Motor cortex/brain stem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bilateral simultaneous test. Roll arms around each other for 5-10 seconds in both directions Positive is Arm stops rotating/contralateral indication associated with Motor cortex/brain stem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient seated. Patient abducts arm to 90 degrees and pronates arm of affected side, patient flexes elbow to 90 degrees then pronates forearm/hand to 90 degrees and places hand behind head Positive is Scapular pain on affected side associated with Nerve compression at T1 |
|
|
Term
| Passive Scapular Approximation |
|
Definition
| Examiner passively approximates the patient's scapulae while seated Positive is Scapular pain on affected side associated with Nerve compression at T1/T2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Examiner applies axial traction Inf-Sup on mastoids for 5 sec Positive is radicular arm pain relieved associated with nerve root irritation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| While seated patient actively places palm of the affected extremity on top of the head raising elbow to level of head Positive is Radicular arm pain is relieved associated with nerve root syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bilateral. Examiner laterally flexes the patient's head and stabilizes it. Examiner then depresses the contralateral shoulder for 5 sec Positive is Pain radiating down arm on side of depression associated with nerve root/plexus irritation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bilateral. Patient seated - fully elevates the shoulders through abduction to end of joint-play. Elbows extended just short of pain and then examiner supports arms. Patient externally rotates the shoulders while examiner supports the arms and patient flexes elbows (hands behind head), can put head into flexion Positive is Radicular arm pain associated with nerve root/plexus irritation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seated. Occlude radial and ulnar arteries with both thumbs. Patient repeatedly opens and closes hand. Examiner removes one occlusion and notes the filling time of hand Positive is circulation fails to return in 5 sec associated with radial and/or ulnar artery occlusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient seated put neck in full range of motion resisted and then passive Positive is Pain associated with resisted=muscle; passive=ligament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient is supine and examiner exerts downward pressure on sternum (knife edge) Positive is Localized Pain at the lateral portion of ribs associated with rib fracture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient flexes forward at waist, arms hang to the floor in prayer position Positive is asymmetry, scapular winging, or chest rotational deformity associated with scoliosis - if curve straightens=functional scoliosis and is neg. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient is seated and fully abducts the shoulders and brings hands over head, then flexes the thoracic spine laterally, bilateral Positive is Pain associated with Side of flexion=intercostal neuritis; on convex side=intercostal myofascitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient seated and instructed to take a deep breath and hold it, then bear down Positive is Increased pain associated with SOL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coughing sneezing and straining aggravate radiculitis symptoms Positive is Pain associated with SOL creating neurologic compression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient seated examiner occludes jugular veins bilaterally for 30-40 sec…instructs patient to cough deeply Positive is Pain associated with SOL in cervical spine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seated. Head and neck are passively flexed toward patient's chest Positive is sharp electric-like sensation in extremities associated with Spinal Cord Pathology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient is supine. Examiner will hold head with on hand and hold C2 spinous with pinch grip at SP and Lam. Attempt side-shearing stress with head against C2 Positive is Excessive laxity in side to side movement associated with Stretched or torn Alar ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient standing, spine visible. Instruct patient to lateral flex w/o rotation to each side Positive is convex side of scoliosis will not allow thoracic to go concave associated with structural scoliosis |
|
|
Term
| Reverse Bakody's Maneuver |
|
Definition
| Bilateral. Patient places the hand of his uninvolved arm on top of his head, repeat other side. Positive is arm pain on symptomatic side associated with TOS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bilateral seated. Patient raises arms laterally to 90 degrees and the begins closing and opening hands rapidly for 3 min Positive is Affected arm weakens w/numbness and tingling associated with TOS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bilateral seated with arms hanging at sides. Palpate radial pulse of affected arm. Examiner abducts arm to 180 degrees and notes the angle where pulse disappears. Angle compared to other arm. Positive is Radial pulse(s) decrease or disapper just above 90 degrees - must have dif angle associated with TOS due to compression of neurovascular bundle where it passes under the pec minor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient stares straight ahead and maintains the head position while the examiner rotates the upper trunk, shoulders, and cervical spine, holds for 15-30 sec. Bilateral Positive is Dizziness associated with Vertebral Artery Compromise |
|
|
Term
| George's Functionall Maneuver |
|
Definition
| Bilateral. Patient instructed to rotate and extend the head and cervical spine to one side and then hold their breath. Watch eyes for 15-30 sec Positive is Dizziness associated with Vertebral Artery Compromise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bilateral. Patient is lying down in the supine position with the head off the table. The examiner instructs the patient to hyperextend and rotate the head and hold this position for 15-45 sec Positive is Vertigo/nausea associated with Vertebrobasilar compromise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient is lying down in the supine position with the head off of the table. The examiner provides support for the weight of the skull. Examiner brings the head into positions of full extension, rotation, and lateral flexion while the patient keeps their eyes open. Repeat on other side, then allow the patient's head to land freely off the table in extreme extension. Positive is Vertigo/nausea associated with Vertebrobasilar insufficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patient seated and instructed to rotate head side to side slowly and increase with spead until tolerence is reached Positive is Dizziness associated with vertebrobasilar insufficiency contralaterally |
|
|
