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| Systematic study (procedures and protocols) including behaviors attitudes and actions within an organization including productivity, absenteeism and employee turnover |
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| Studies from different fields. OB includes: Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, Poly Sci, Social Pshycology and management |
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| Look at an issue from different perspectives (survey- broad, interview- deep, observation- direct) |
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| 4 functions of management |
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Definition
| Planning (setting objectives and how to accomplish them) Organizing (diving up work, allocating jobs and rewards) Leading (Creating vision, inspiring commitment, directing efforts) Controlling (monitoring performance, taking action to ensure desired results) |
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| Make observations of behavior and then try to derive general explanations for behavior |
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| researcher makes specific predictions about behavior on general explanations |
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| Article: What is the scientific management? |
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Definition
(It is not = intro para) It is a mental revolution. Both the employer and employee want the highest pay and this cause a struggle between the 2. for maximum surplus, the 2 sides must work together
Scientific management cannot be said to exist, then, in any establishment
until after this change has taken place in the mental attitude of both
the management and the men, both as to their duty to cooperate in producing
the largest possible surplus and as to the necessity for substituting exact
scientific knowledge for opinions or the old rule of thumb or individual
knowledge. |
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Article: Western Electric Researchers
(Hawthorne) |
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| Relation between intensity of light and productivity. No recognizable change, but there were many other variables present that could not be isolated. In end, onoly mental attitude affected output |
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| Article: Solving Problems Creatively |
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| *define problem*generate alternative solutions*evaluate and pick best solution*implement and follow up on solution. (These are rational steps) |
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| Article: Brainteasers May Help researchers Determine what spurs creativity |
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Definition
Regular thought patterns decrease right before figuring out puzzle. Insight and creativity begin when you break out of the thinking rut you're in and restructure the problem in a new way.
*Must bring together distant associations. |
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| Article: Hidden Secrets behing the Creative Mind |
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| 3 B's- Bathtub, bed, bus. These inspire "aha" moments that come after we take a break from thinking. Creative ideas are chains of ideas building up. Many bad ideas are useful. |
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| Article: 4 Steps to Creative Thinking |
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Definition
Patterns make it difficult for us to solve newproblems. 4 Steps: reverse an old idea, expand your perceptions, get crazy, don't even think.
SCAMPER for new ideas (substitute, combine, adapt, modify, put to other uses, eliminate, rearrange) |
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| CBT (Cognative Behavioral Therapy) |
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| Change how your brain thinks |
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Term
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Definition
| a preconceived idea of what the world is, what it should be like, and how it operates |
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| The ability to develop new ideas and to discover new ways of looking at problems and opportunities that differ from typical views |
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| the ability to apply creative solutions to problems and opportunities to enhance or enrich people's life |
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Term
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| independent, persistent, motivated, iconoclastic, intellectual freedom in childhood, more gregarious than not |
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| Mastery of one, interest in others |
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| Article: Development and Enforcement of Group Norms |
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Definition
Group norms are enforced because it is seemed to aid in group success. They produce regulations for group behavior. Norms will be enforced if they facilitate group behavior, they simplify what is expected of members, and they avoid the team embarrassment.
Group Norms develop by: explicit statements by supervisors or
co-workers; critical events in the group’s history;
primacy; and carry-over behaviors from past situations |
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Term
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Definition
| lively, high-achieving, dedicated group usually small with members turned on by a challanging task. Lotsa energy because payoff will hopefully be big, temporary, short lived, eat, sleep, live for task. Intellectual, Intensity, Integrity, Exchange |
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Term
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| 2 or more people, psychologically aware, interatc, common goal. Groups can be socially-oriented or task-oriented |
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| Stages in Group Development |
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Orientation -> conflict -> cohesion -> effective structure
(forming -> storming -> norming -> performing) |
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Term
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Definition
| when you leave and the project is complete, members take that good feeling with them to next project. |
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Term
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| Irving Janice, when you are in a group and they support an idea that the "boss" wants, regardless of apprehensions |
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| I, as an individual, might take a more cautious or ricky position, but because my group's thoughts arent as radical, I shift my dynamics |
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| Fundamental Personal Orientation Method- group members relate to e/o based on the need to give/receive control or affection |
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| ARTICLE: The Impact of Leadership Modes. . . (Markulis) |
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Definition
Based on studies, team leadership didn't significantly impact team. Designated leader was more effective for equal work, rotating leader wad better for team communication and cooperation, emerging leader was lowest scoring.
Team leader's Role: Facilitate Team Discussions, Encourage max contribution to debates, motivate team by actively listening and reminding the team of the mission |
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| Traits of a high performance team: |
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Definition
| complementary skills, shared pupose, productive team norms, mutual accountability, small in size |
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Term
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Definition
| set a goal for self "I want to make dean's list this semester" |
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| Was this the right goal for me? |
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Term
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Definition
| without this you cant proceed: supportive culture, team outcomes, teams which use individual and collective strengths |
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