Term
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Definition
| A lump of nerve cell bodies along the axon in the PNS |
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Term
| What is the main purpose of white matter? |
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Definition
| Communication between the cells (gray matter) |
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Term
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Definition
| White matter that crosses the midline of the brain |
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Term
| Name the 7 divisions of the central nervous system |
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Definition
1. Cerebrum
2. Diencephalon
3. Midbrain
4. Pons
5. Medulla oblongata
6. Cerebellum
7. Spinal cord |
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Term
| What are the 5 neural functions of the CNS? |
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Definition
1. Intelligence
2. Consciousness
3. Memory
4. Sensory-motor integration
5. Innervaton of the head |
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Term
| What are the two parts of the Diencephalon? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define contralateral representation |
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Definition
| The two hemispheres of the brain control opposite sides of the body (Right brain controls left body) |
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Term
| What are the main functions of the Cerebrum? |
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Definition
1. Be aware of ourselves and our sensations
2. Initiate and control voluntary movements
3. Communicate, remember, and comprehend
4. Decide, prioritize |
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Term
| What are fissures in the brain? |
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Definition
| Deep grooves that separate the major regions of the brain |
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Term
| Which fissure separates the two hemispheres of the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which fissure separates the cerebrum and the cerebellum? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Grooves on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres |
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Term
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Definition
| Twisted ridges between sulci |
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Term
| Name the 4 lobes of the cerebrum |
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Definition
1. Frontal
2. Parietal
3. Occipital
4. Temporal |
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Term
| What are the 3 major sulci of the cerebrum and what lobes do they divide? |
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Definition
1. Central sulcus - Divides frontal and parietal lobe
2. Parieto-occipital lobe - divides the parietal and occipital surface (Bryan you're retarded if you didnt get this one)
3. Lateral sulcus - divides the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes |
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Term
| Where is the cerebral cortex located in the brain? |
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Definition
| On the outermost layer of the brain |
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Term
| What is deep gray matter and where does it lie in the brain? |
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Definition
| Deep gray matter are nuclei located in the white matter of the brain |
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Term
| What is the 5th lobe, not visible unless you cut into the brain, and what does it control? |
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Definition
1. Insular cortex
2. Contains part of the control for taste and pain, and plays a role in homeostasis and visceral function |
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Term
| What gyri hide the insular lobe from view? |
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Definition
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Term
| What anatomical part of the brain is associated with the Diencephalon when trying to determine if the diencephalon is visible? (i.e. You know that the diencephalon is visible in a coronal cut of the brain if you can see what other structure) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the internal capsule and why is it important? |
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Definition
| A communication line in the white matter. It is important because all brain communications run through it |
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Term
| What lobes does the lateral ventricle run through? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of matter are the basal ganglia and what role do they play? |
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Definition
1. Deep gray matter
2. Play a role in learning, voluntary muscle control, and emotional functions |
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Term
| Name 2 major diseases that arise from disorders in the basal ganglia? |
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Definition
| Huntington's and Parkinson's diseasee |
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Term
| Why is the phrase "basal ganglia" a misuse of the word ganglia? |
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Definition
| "Ganglia" refers to gray matter in the PNS. The basal ganglia are located in the CNS |
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Term
| What are the 3 subdivisions of the basal ganglia? |
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Definition
1. Putamen
2. Globus pallidus
3. caudate nucleus |
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Term
| What are the 3 functional categories of the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
1. Sensory
2. Motor
3. Association |
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Term
| What is the idea behind a somatotopic map? |
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Definition
| Certain areas of the motor and sensory cortex represent control for different parts of the body |
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Term
| What is the role of the postcentral gyrus? |
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Definition
| Processes information regarding touch, proprioception, pain, and temperature |
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Term
| In what part of the brain is the auditory cortex located? |
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Definition
| Superior part of the temporal lobe |
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Term
| Where is the primary motor cortex located and what role does it play? |
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Definition
Precentral gyrus. Initiates voluntary contraction of skeletal muscles.
Note: This is the last stop for motor signals before leaving the cortex for muscles |
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Term
| What part of the motor control cortex is located rostral to the primary motor cortex and what role does it play? |
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Definition
| Premotor cortex. Serves as the motor planning area of the brain. |
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Term
| What is somatosensory association and where does it take place in the CNS? |
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Definition
1. Integration and interpretation of sensations
2. Caudal to the primary motor cortex |
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Term
| What side of the brain usually controls language? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the cerebrum is the primary visual cortex and the visual association cortex located in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of the primary visual cortex, visual association cortex, and the higher visual cortex? |
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Definition
1. Primary - Identify basic points, lines, and orientation
2. Association - Analyzes color, form, and movement
3. Higher - Image recognition and identification (located in the temporal and parietal lobes) |
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Term
| Give a brief overview of the complex integration pathway of the brain |
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Definition
1. PNS inputs travel to their respective sensory cortexes
2. Sensory association areas interpret their meaning
3. Multimodal association combines multiple sensory inputs (taste and touch, for example), and can also combine these with past experience to give understanding of the inputs
4. Motor planning
5. Muscle stimulation |
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