Term
|
Definition
Catalysis
Oxidized lactic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Catalysis
transfers electrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Catalysis
replicates and repairs DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Catalysis
destroy bacteria's cell wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Storage
Stores iron in the spleen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Storage
stores O2 in heart muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Protection
antibodies
quaternary structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Protection
involved in blood clotting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Protection
involved in blood clotting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Regulation
regulates glucose metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Regulation
stimulates growth of bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Regulation
increase water retention of the kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Regulation
lactation, induction of labor |
|
|
Term
| acetylcholine receptor protein |
|
Definition
Nerve impulse transmission
synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transport
transport O2 in blood
quaternary structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transport
transport fatty acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transport
transport lipids (HDL, LDL) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
motion
thick filaments in muscle fiber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
motion
thin filaments in muscle fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Structural
cell membranes and walls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Structural
skin, hair, nails, hoofs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Structural
Fibrous connective tissue (tendons, teeth, bones)
quaternary structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Structural
elastic connective tissue (ligaments, artery walls) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phospholipids, Glycolipids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| steriods, fatty acids, prostaglandins |
|
|
Term
| Phospholipids divide into |
|
Definition
| Phosphatides, Sphingolipids |
|
|
Term
| Carbohydrates metabolize into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fatty acids (Metabolism)
Cholesterol (through liver) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
some foods (eggs, butter, cheese)
Acetyl CoA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bile salts
Vitamin D
Steroid hormones
Cell membranes
Nerve and brain tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
to gallbladder
eliminated on bile or gallstones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oxidases
Reductases
Dehydrogenases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Peptidases
Lipases
Amylases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Decarboxylases
Dehydrases
Deaminases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Isomerases
Epimerases
Mutases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attaches to the enzyme permenently but does not form its our reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| does not attach itself to the active site , but somewhere else so it changes the structure of the enzyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
non-reactive molecule that takes the place of the usual substrate on the active site.
Can break up. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits the normal physiological function of a receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| effector that decreases or prevents a chemical reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| binds to a receptor and triggers a responce by the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-protein compound that is bound to a protein and is required for protein activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Enzyme
converts Acetylcholine into inactive choline and acetate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
steroid hormone
produced by outer sections of adrenal cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzymes that require a cofactor but do not have one bound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
active site
portion of the enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A diet high in carbohydrates will lead to acetyl CoA formation, and that can increase cholesterol synthesis
Butter and eggs have a high level of cholesterol
can move right through cell membrane w/o a protein channel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
steriod hormone
released by adreanal gland
suppresses the immune system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
steriod hormone
produced by adreanal gland
increase blood sugar, suppress immune system, aid in metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an apoenzyme with its cofactor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
milk acid
carboxylic acid
can become lactate ion
sours milk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
disaccharide sugar
galactose and glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phospholipids in animal and plant tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
myelin sheath on neurons
lipids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vitamin B3
nicotinic acid
dificiency causes pellagra
increases levels of HDL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vitamin B5
water-soluble vitamin
essential nutrient to synthesize coenzyme-A |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
covalent chemical bond
carboxyl group reacts with amino group to release water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
enzyme
hydrolyzes phospholipids into fatty acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inactive enzyme precursor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
synthesized in the cell only when it is needed
made from fatty acid found in cell membranes
very potent in small quantities
they act like hormones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vitamin B2
micronutrients
component of cofactors FAD and FMN
role in energy metabolism and metabolism of fats, ketone bodies, carbohydrates, and proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vitamin B1
water-soluble vitamin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
milk serum
liquid from curdled and strained milk
Whey protein (globular protein) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inactive enzyme precursor |
|
|
Term
| Saturated fats melting point |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| unsaturated fats melting point |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unsaturated physical state at room temp |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| saturated physical state at room temp |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fatty acids react with alcohols to form esters and water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produce fatty acids from esters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bilayer with the hydrophilic end on the outside
contains protein channels to allow small polar molecules and ions to move through
polypeptides cannot pass through |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ levels of LDL are associated with cardiovascular diease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| exercise helps ____ the LDL valuses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a healthy adult should have a ___ LDL value |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Butter and eggs have a ___ level of cholesterol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A diet high in carbohydrates will lead to ___, and that can increase cholesterol synthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of bond connecting amino acids is found in the tertiary structure of proteins |
|
Definition
salt bridges
disulfide bonds
hydrogen bonding of side chains |
|
|
Term
| Polar (neutral) amino acids can bond with what groups? |
|
Definition
| Polar neutral, acidic, and basic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can move right through cell membrane w/o a protein channel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can move right through cell membrane w/o a protein channel |
|
|
Term
| Once one molecule of O2 is bound to the heme of hemoglobin, hemoglobin’s ability to bind more oxygen is enhanced. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Enzymes usually react only with one compound in a pair of enantiomeric drugs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The higher the turnover rate, the more efficient the enzyme. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A cofactor can be either an organic molecule or an inorganic metal, which is necessary for biological activity of an enzyme. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins in solution are actually colloids not really solutions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sphingolipids contain a sphingosine backbone instead of glycerol. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Iodine test is the same as the iodine number |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cortisol regulates the conversion of amino acids into carbohydrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dilated blood vessels are less permeable |
|
Definition
false
dilated blood vessels are permeable |
|
|
Term
| Globular proteins are much more easily denatured than tough fibrous proteins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Salt bridges are the strongest interaction in the tertiary structure of proteins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alcohol is a diuretic because it inhibits the secretion of vasopressin, (vasopressin increases water retention of the kidney) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A very high pH will permanently denature enzymes but a very low pH will not. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aldosterone and vasopressin have similar effects on water retention in the kidneys. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The diseases Gaucher’s, Niemann-Pick and Tay-Sachs all involve the lack of enzymes needed to control lipid degradation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lipids that are saponifiable all have an ester linkage. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hydrophilic interaction is the weakest interaction in the tertiary structure of proteins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The redness associated with inflammation is due to the dilated blood vessels, which bring more blood into the area. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| High temperatures will permanently denature enzymes but low temperatures will not. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Women tend to have a lower LDL value than men. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Naturally occurring carbohydrates are usually “D”, while amino acids are usually “L” |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acid solutions will turn red litmus paper blue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-coagulant which is always found in the blood in small quantities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prescription drug given to patients after heart attacks as a blood thinner |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Precipitates calcium ions, thus preventing blood clotting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Found in Spinach and Broccolli |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Analgesic which is not an anti-coagulant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What compound causes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the actual blood clot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which destroys the blood clot after it is no longer needed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is found in blood plasma but not blood serum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Calcium ions are needed for the conversion of what compound to what compound? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
glycerol
Fatty acids
phosphate and amine alcohol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Components of arachidonic acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Components of Vasopressin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Components of cornflower oil |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Components of triglycerides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Components of polysaccharide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It is one of the most abundant proteins in humans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Protein found in connective tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| protein in nails, hair, hoofs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood protein used to maintain osmotic pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| common name for immunoglobulins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| protein found in LDLs and HDLs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A clot that breaks loose and moves is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| protein in muscle of marine mammals that contains the heme group that binds O2 for storage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| protein that stores iron in the spleen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Polypeptide used to increase water retention of the kidneys |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Polypeptide used to induce labor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The same reaction in different tissues will have similar but slightly different enzymes. What are these enzymes called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the enzyme (found in saliva and tears) that destroys a bacteria’s cell wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The drug that prevents a bacteria from making its cell wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The drug or poison that blocks the receptor site for acetylcholine on a muscle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The drug or poison that permanently inhibits acetylcholinesterase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The drug or poison that prevents acetylcholine from being released on the original nerve cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug inhibits the enzyme phospholipase from releasing aracadonic acid from the cell membrane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The drug added to penicillin to prevent the bacteria from destroying the antibiotic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cofactor made from Riboflavin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cofactor made from Niacin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the enzyme without its cofactors called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What active peptidase is found in the small intestines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is referred to as the “feast” hormone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is referred to as the “famine” hormone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If an enzyme’s turnover rate is very low, it is a very efficient enzyme. |
|
Definition
false
it is a efficient enzyme |
|
|
Term
| Enzymes and substrates are usually held together by disulfide bonds. |
|
Definition
false
enzymes and substrates are not usually held together by disulfide bonds |
|
|
Term
| Hormones and enzymes can sometimes be proteins and sometimes non-proteins. |
|
Definition
false
enzymes can only be proteins |
|
|
Term
| All enzymes can be affected by substrate saturation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Doubling the concentration of the substrate will always double the rate of the reaction. |
|
Definition
false
not at the point of saturation |
|
|
Term
| All proteins have a quaternary structure |
|
Definition
false
not all proteins have a quaternary structure |
|
|
Term
| All enzymes are globular proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins are most soluble at their isoelectric point |
|
Definition
false
proteins are soluble at their isoelectric point |
|
|
Term
| Bacteria in milk will cause the milk to become more acidic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Denaturing with heavy metals affects the salt bridges in the globular protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| aldosterone is a __ hormone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| glucagon is a ___ hormone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormone can slide right through the cell membrane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormone takes minutes to affect the cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ hormone attaches to a receptor site on the outside of the target cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chemical messengers that are produced in one place in the body and affect other parts of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| maltase needs _____ enzyme for the reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A tripeptide to three seperate amino acids needs _____ enzyme for the reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lactic dehydrogenase needs ____ enzyme |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phosphofructokinase needs _____ enzyme for the reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| alanine transamiinase needs _____ enzyme for the reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acetoacetate decarboxylase needs _____ enzyme for the reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate needs _____ enzyme for the reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Citric acid synthetase needs _____ enzyme for the reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oxaloacetate & acertyl-CoA to citric acid needs _____ enzyme for the reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin is converted into the coenzyme NAD or NADH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin is converted into coenzyme A |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin is converted into the coenzyme FAD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin is needed for collagen synthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what vitamin is converted into the coenzyme TPP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scurvy is caused by the deficiency of what vitamin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the rate at which an enzyme will convert substrates to products is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| specific area on the enzyme where the chemical reaction takes place |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| specific area on the enzyme where the substrate binds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inactive protein part (without the cofactors) of an enzyme is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the cofactor plus the protein part called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the cofactor that is organic but not a protein called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fiborous protein has a triple helix structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what protein is found in muscle fiber (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What protein is found in artery walls and ligaments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what protein is used to store iron in the spleen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| protein found in bones and connective tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Protein used to store oxygen in heart muscles (humans) and marine mammal muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is milk "curds", what has precipipated out? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the most abundant protein in the human body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Protein found in nails and hoofs and hair |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacteria in milk can convert the lactose into what compound |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enzyme found in tears and saliva that kills invading bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
