Term
| What are organic molecules? |
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Definition
| Those containing carbon and hydrogen |
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Term
| If two carbon atoms share one pair of electrons, they are said to have what type of bond? |
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Definition
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Term
| If two carbon atoms share two pairs of electrons, what type of bond are they said to have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are molecules with exactly the same atoms arranged in exactly the same sequence yet differ with respect to the spatial orientation of a key functional group? |
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Definition
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Term
| What forms of stereoisomers of amino acids occur in living systems? |
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Definition
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Term
| What forms of stereoisomers of sugars occur in living systems? |
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Definition
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Term
| What group of organic molecules have the general formula CH2O (CnH2nO2)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a synonym for simple sugar? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a synonym for a double sugar (two monosaccharides joined together)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is formed when many monosaccharides are joined together? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What type of reaction bonds unit molecules together by remove a hydrogen from one and a hydroxyl group from another and thus forming a water molecule? |
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Definition
| Dehydration Synthesis (condensation) |
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Term
| What type of reaction adds a hydrogen and a hydroxyl group to a molecule to split it into unit molecules? |
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Definition
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Term
| What group of organic molecules includes several types that differ in chemical structure but have the common characteristic of being insoluble in water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What subcategory of lipids includes fats and oils and are formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acid molecules? |
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Definition
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Term
| What molecule consists of a nonpolar hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group (COOH) on the one end? |
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Definition
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Term
| If within a fatty acid the carbon atoms of the hydro carbon chain are joined by single covalent bonds so that each carbon can also bond with two hydrogen atoms, what adjective describes the molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
| If within a fatty acid one or more double bonds occur between carbons within the hydrocarbon chain, what adjective describes the molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a synonym for triglycerides? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of molecules are derived from fatty acids and includes four-carbon-long acidic molecules (acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid) and acetone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What condition occurs when fat is rapidly broken down and levels of ketone bodies are elevated in the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| What condition occurs when there are sufficient amounts of ketone bodies in the blood to lower the pH? |
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Definition
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Term
| What group of lipids contains a phosphate group? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are spherical aggregations of phospholipids in aqueous solutions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are phospholipids that break surface tension in the lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of molecule has three six carbon rings joined to one five carbon ring? |
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Definition
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Term
| What molecule is the precursor to steroid hormones produced by the gonads and adrenal cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What sex hormones are produced by the ovaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| What steroid is produced by the testes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What group of steroid is produced by the adrenal cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What molecule is formed by a fatty acid with a cyclic hydrocarbon? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of molecule consists of long chains of amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of sub-unit molecules form proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How many different amino acids occur in living systems? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of bond occurs between amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What level of protein structure consists of the sequence of amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What level of structure of a protein results in an alpha helix or a beta pleaded sheet? |
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Definition
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Term
| What level of structure of a protein produces the complex three-dimensional structure of the molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the irreversible change of a protein due to an increase in temperature or a change in pH? |
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Definition
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Term
| What level of structure of a protein is formed by the bonding of a number of polypeptide chains? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of molecule is formed by the conjugation of a protein and a carbohydrate? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of molecule is formed by the conjugation of a protein and a lipid? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the five functional categories of proteins: |
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Definition
1.structural proteins
2.enzymes
3.antibodies
4.carriers
5.receptors |
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Term
| What are the unit molecules of nucleic acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two main types of nucleic acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three components of a nucleotide? |
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Definition
| a five carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group |
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Term
| What type of nucleotide consists of a single ring of carbon and nitrogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of nucleotide consists of two rings of carbon and nitrogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nucleic acid serves as the genetic code? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the full term for DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What sugar occurs in DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four bases found in DNA? |
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Definition
| Guanine,Adenine (PURINES), Thymine, Cytosine (PYRIMIDINES) |
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Term
| What molecules form the backbone of DNA? |
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Definition
| the sugars and phosphates |
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Term
| If we think of DNA as a ladder what molecules form the rings of the ladder? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the general shape of DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| In DNA, what bases pair with what bases? |
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Definition
| Adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine |
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Term
| What is the full name of RNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What sugar is found in RNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many strands make up an RNA molecule? |
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Definition
| One (unlike DNA which has 2) |
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Term
| What three types of RNA function in protein synthesis? |
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Definition
| mRNA(messenger RNA), rRNA (Ribosomal RNA), tRNA (Transfer RNA) |
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