Term
| What wavelength laser is popular for lesions near the fovea and why? |
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Definition
| Argon green lasers have a wavelength of 514.5nm and have minimal effect on xanthophyll pigment of the macular area |
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Term
| Which laser is most effective for choroidal neovascular membranes near the fovea? |
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Definition
| Krypton red has a wavelength of 647.1 nm and is absorbed by melanin but little is absorbed by hemoglobin and xanthophyll |
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Term
| ______ hemorrhages such as flame shaped and preretinal hemorrhages, typically are related to _____ based disease. |
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Definition
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Term
| The deeper/outer capillary bed is considered prevenular and is characterized by ____ based or _____ diseases. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ ____ hemorrhages occur deep in the retina are considered to be part of congestive retinal disease such as _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do pre-retinal hemorrhages occur? |
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Definition
| In between the internal limiting membrane and the nerve fiber layer |
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Term
| What type of scotoma do pre-retinal hemorrhages develop? |
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Definition
| positive scotoma, or a scotoma that the person is aware of, as opposed to a negative scotoma that a person is not aware of |
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Term
| What shape does gravity cause a pre-retinal hemorrhage to take? |
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Definition
| a D, "Keel shape" or boat shape with a sharp horizontal demarcation line |
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Term
| Do preretinal hemorrhages leak? |
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Definition
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Term
| Preretinal hemorrhages may occur associated with a _____ _____ _______. |
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Definition
| posterior vitreous detachment |
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Term
| Why is it important to determine the cause of a pre-retinal hemorrhage? |
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Definition
Determination of the cause is critical to establishing a treatment protocol |
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Term
Leakage in preretinal hemorrhages arise from the _____ or _____ capillary system |
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Definition
| peripapillary or superficial |
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Term
| What do you call the capillary bed that is 3 disc diameters superior and inferior to the optic nerve head? |
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Definition
| radial peripapillary capillary bed |
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Term
| Because the heme in a preretinal hemorrhage is preretinal, it will have _____ to it. |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood pools on the ______ portion of the preretinal hemorrhage and appears very _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| As the retina reabsorbs a preretinal hemorrhage the-hemorrhage changes color from _____-_____-_____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The rapidity of resolution of a preretinal hemorrhage depends on the _____ __ _____ within the _____. The hemorrhage will block _____ ______ on fluoroscein angiography and appear as a _____ area overlying the usual choroidal flush. |
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Definition
amount of blood pocket choroidal flourescence black |
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Term
What is the white center of a flame shaped hemorrhage? What four things may this represent? |
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Definition
Roth Spots 1) focal accumulations of WBC in inflammatory vascular disease 2) cotton wool spots surrounded by hemorrhage 3) leukemic cell foci surrounded by hemorrhage 4) fibrin surrounded by hemorrhage |
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Term
| Superficial flame-shaped hemorrhages are usually ____ ____ lasting only ____ _____ and have no particular effect on _____. |
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Definition
short lived a few weeks vision |
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Term
| Where do preretinal hemorrhages occur? Where do flame shaped hemorrhages occur? |
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Definition
between the ILM and NFL in the NFL in the posterior pole |
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Term
| What should the Doctor do if he finds a Roth spot? |
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Definition
| CBC with differential to find out the cause |
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Term
| Where do dot blot hemorrhages originate? |
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Definition
| deep prevenular capillary bed |
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Term
| Dot blot hemorrhages are also known as ____ retinal hemorrhages. They may occur in the ____ ___, ____ _____, and sometimes ____ ____ |
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Definition
deep inner nuclear layer inner plexiform layer outer nuclear layer |
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Term
| Dot blot hemorrhages are associated with ____ retinal _____ but do not actually leak. |
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Definition
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Term
| If a dot blot hemorrhage is encroaching on the _______, fluoroscein angiography is indicated to determine whether ________ can be applied to assist in regression of the ______. |
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Definition
macula photocooagulation edema
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Term
| If a dot blot hemmorrhage is present, we should assume that there is _____ that cannot be seen with a 20D or 90D lens. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is a dot blot hemorrhage often found in diabetes? |
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Definition
| around the posterior pole and nasal to the optic nerve |
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Term
| Should dot blot hemorrhages effect the macula? |
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Definition
| No, there are no inner or outer cappillary beds by the macula, but a nearby bleed could potentially bleed into avascular the macular areaa |
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Term
| Large dot blot hemmorrhages can be confused with _______. |
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Definition
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Term
Where do dot blot heme's occur most often in diabetics? |
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Definition
| within the posterior pole and just nasal to the optic nerve |
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Term
| What would you expect if you saw dot blot hemorrhages above or beyond the equator? |
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Definition
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