Term
| What is tubular reabsorption? |
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Definition
| Going from the tubular lumen to the peritubular capillaries |
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Term
| What is movement from the peritubular plasma to the tubular lumen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the site of the organic acid and base secretory systems? |
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Definition
proximal tubule
organic acid-middle third
organic base-upper and middle segments of the proximal tubule |
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Term
| Which is more concentrated, the desceding limb of the loop of Henle or the peritubular capillaries? Why? |
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Definition
| The descending limb of the loop of Henle is three times more concentrated because of the countercurrent mechanism responsible for water reabsorption. |
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Term
| Where do osomotic diuretics act at? |
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Definition
the descending loop of Henle |
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Term
| Which parts of Henles loop are impermeable to water? |
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Definition
| Ascending loop of Henle and the Distal convoluted tubule |
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Term
| What do the intercalating cells of the collecting tubule and duct effect? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the principal cells of the collecting duct do? |
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Definition
| Absorb K+ and secrete Na+ |
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Term
| What receptors on the principal cells of the collecting duct or tubule influence K+ secretion and Na+ reabsorption? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does sodium enter the principal cell? How does sodium enter the blood from the channels? |
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Definition
| Sodium enters the principal cells through channels but goes on to enter the blood by Na+/K+ ATPase. |
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Term
What does vasopresin do to water from the collecting tubules and ducts? |
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Definition
| Vasopresin is an antidiuretic hormone. It promotes the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts by cAMP. |
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Term
| What two factors cause fluid to escape from the portal vasular system and colelct in the abdomen forming a hepatic ascite? |
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Definition
| decreased blood osmolarity and increased portal blood pressure due to the portal system being obstructed in cirrhosis. |
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Term
| What condition results from decreased ability of the liver to inactivate the steroid hormone aldosterone resulting in excessive Na+ and water reabsorption? |
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Definition
| Secondary Hyperaldosteronism |
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Term
| What is it called when the kidneys are damaged by disease, the glomerular membranes allow plasm proteins to enter the glomerular ultrfiltrate. The loos of protein from the plams reduces the colloidal osmotic pressure, resulting in edema. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does premenstrual edema result from? |
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Definition
| Premenstrual edema is associated with menustration and results from imbalances of hormones such as estrogen excess which facilitates teh loss of fluid into the extracellular space. |
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Term
| Name three non edematous diseases diuretics can treat? |
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Definition
1. Hypertension
2. Hypercalcemia
3. Diabetes insipidus |
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Term
What percentage do you need of one kidney for survival? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of blood is circulated through the kidneys per minute? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of fluid in the tubules is reabsorbed back into the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you design a diuretic drug? |
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Definition
Stop as little as 1% of the reabsorption in the kidneys |
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Term
| What type of heart condition leads to fluid accumulation due to reduced kidney profusion? |
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Definition
| congestive heart failure, The kidney thinks the body is hypovolemic, but the body really has too much fluid |
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Term
| Is a diuretic often a first line drug in glaucoma? |
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Definition
| No, it's rarely a first line drug. It's a best secondary drug when added to Xalatans and Lumigans. |
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Term
| Why do you call the thiazides cieling diuretics? |
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Definition
| Because increasing the dose above normal does not increase the diuretic response. |
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Term
| Where do thiazides effect the kidney? |
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Definition
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