Term
| What is the most common side of heart failure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are shunts and what are the most common types in the heart? |
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Definition
| Shunts are connections of blood that shouldn't be there. Left to right are the most common. |
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Term
| What is the chronic inflammatory disorder of the intima of large blood vessels characterized by the formation of fibrofatty plaques callled atheroma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you call a sporadic heartbeat in a quivering irregular pattern? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of heart failure is constrictive pericarditis an example of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common reason for pump failure in the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
What type of shunts are associated with polycythemia, hypertrophic osteoathropathy, and paradoxical emboli? They also typeically caused by tetralogy of Fallot or transposition of great vessels are are cyanotic from the outset. |
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Definition
| Right-to-left shunts, the less common |
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Term
| What types of shunts result in chronic right sided pressure and volume overload? |
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Definition
| left-to-right shunts, the more common lesion that produces CHF |
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Term
| What is a discrete focus of ischemic necrosis (coagulation necrosis) in the heart that occurs when myocardial ischemia is prolonged for more than 20 or 30 minutes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most important cause of death in myocardial infarction and happens 85% of the time? |
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Definition
| arrhythmias , either acute or chronic. They are often reversible and go away when the edema and inflammation disappear. |
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Term
| What blood protein has been shown to have a very good predictive value for an early MI? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is cardiac troponin the same as troponin in the skeletal muscles? |
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Definition
| No. It is its own isotype |
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Term
| Which enzymes rise after MI? |
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Definition
1) CPK 1-2 hrs. after the event
2) AST (aspartate aminotransferase)
3) LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), lasts the longest 6-12. |
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Term
| What is the most common coronary artery to infarct? |
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Definition
| Left anterior descending coronary artery |
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Term
What type of coronary artery occlusion gives you a posterior lateral infarct? |
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Definition
| Left circumflex coronary artery |
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Term
| What type of coronary artery occlusion gives you a posterior septal infarct? |
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Definition
| Right coronary artery occlusion |
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Term
| What considered an at risk LDL level for IHD? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is considered an at risk HDL level for IHD? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ischemia due to thromboembolytic formation can result in ______ retinal, ______ retinal, and _________ occlusion. |
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Definition
| central retinal, branch retinal, choroidal |
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Term
| What type of disease is a Hollenhorst plaque associated with? |
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Definition
| carotid occlusive disease |
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Term
| What medication should a patient with CHF never take? |
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Definition
NSAIDS
thiazolidenediones
metformin |
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Term
| What cycle will be the problem with any type of structural or functional heart abnormality? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the heart cycle will be undergoing problems when filling the heart is a problem? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is arteriosclerosis? |
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Definition
| a thickening or loss of elasticity of the arterial walls. Like a bad hose, they're dried up. It's the greatest morbidity and mortality of all human diseases via narrowing and weakening of the blood vessels. |
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