Term
| Which opportunistic pathogen is a motile aerobe and Gram-negative? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the practical application for pseudomonas aeruginosa? |
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Definition
| Since it subsides on almost anything, it can be used in toxic waste clean-up. |
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Term
| On culture, what unique characteristics exist from pseudomonas? |
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Definition
| It forms green colonies and has a sweet grape-like odor. |
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Term
| What contributes to the diversity of infections caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa? |
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Definition
| Genotype diversity due to large deletions, insertions, and inversions of gene islands or plasmids that insert in the tRNA loci. |
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Term
| What is the produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa that functions like a capsule and promotes adherence? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three major extracellular products produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa? |
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Definition
| exotoxin A, quorum sensing, type III secretion systems |
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|
Term
| What is the mechanism of exotoxin A produced by pseudomonas? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Exotoxin A receptor? |
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Definition
| alpha2-macroglobulin/LDL-receptor related protein |
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|
Term
| Which pseudomonas TS3 effector causes lysis of host cells? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the mechanism of ExoS? |
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Definition
| It's a GAP/ADP ribosyltransferase, inactivating cell function. |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of ExoY? |
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Definition
| It's adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP production. |
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Term
| How does quorum sensing work? |
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Definition
P. aeruginosa produces auto-inducters called homoserine lactones, which are diffusible. As bacteria reaches a certain density in an area, these auto-inducers act as signals and jump-start virulence factors .
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Term
| Defiency of what immune component makes them susceptible to P. aeruginosa infections? |
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Definition
| neutrophils (normally, neutrophil phagocytosis of pseudomonas is effective) |
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Term
| In chronic P. aeruginosa infections, what provides protection against phagocytosis and opsonization? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is alginate comprised of? |
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Definition
| mannose and glucuronic acid |
|
|
Term
| When is alginate induced in nature? |
|
Definition
| Induced to prevent dehydration |
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Term
| Biofilms are responsible for what percent of human infections? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In which situations are Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formations common? |
|
Definition
| chronic wound infections and CF patients |
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|
Term
| What is the most common, serious inherited disease among Caucasians? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a possible reason for the selective advantage of the CFTR mutation? |
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Definition
| It's a mechanism of resistance against cholera and E.coli |
|
|
Term
| Which classes of CFTR mutations are the most serious? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the common sequelae of the impaired mucociliary clearance in CF patients? |
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Definition
| The thickened mucus traps bacteria but can't expel, recruiting neutrophils and creating an inflammatory response that leads to tissue destruction and bronchiectasis (progressive pulmonary dysfunction) |
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Term
| For treating chronic CF infections, what two measures carry "strong" recommendations? |
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Definition
| inhaled tobramycin and DNase |
|
|
Term
| Is azithromycin use strongly recommended, recommended, or not recommended in treating chronic CF infections? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What three drugs are strongly recommended AGAINST when treating chronic CF infections? |
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Definition
| oral corticosteroids, inhaled corticosteroids, and oral anti-staphylococcal antibiotics |
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|
Term
| What was the major recommendation of the ELITE trial? |
|
Definition
| Do not give tobramycin for more than 28 days |
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