Term
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Definition
OPIOID: Any chemical compound with pharmacologic actions similar to those of morphine. The term “narcotic analgesic” is often used to refer to opioids.
Sumerians (6000 years ago) called poppy “joy plants.” Morphine and codeine are alkaloids of the poppy plant, obtained as opium, referred to as OPIATE. |
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Term
| what are morphine and codeine? |
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Definition
| Morphine and codeine are alkaloids of the poppy plant, obtained as opium, referred to as OPIATE. |
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Term
| what are opiod CNS actions? |
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Definition
CNS: analgesia, euphoria (dysphoria), sedation,
respiratory depression, release of prolactin,
nausea, anti-tussive effect |
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Term
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Definition
| C-V: peripheral vasodilatation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| LUNGS: respiratory depression |
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Term
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Definition
GI: decrease in propulsive contractions in the
small intestine and colon. Spasms. |
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Term
| what is primary medical use of opiods? |
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Definition
Pain -- Opioids -- Analgesia
; Primary medical use:
entire group - morphine, etc.
acute and chronic severe pain
cancer pain --- addiction
Non-medical use = euphoria |
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Term
| what are different opiate drugs? |
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Definition
| Heroin but also pharmaceutical opioids fentanyl, oxycodone (esp.. Oxycotin®) |
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Term
| what are withdrawl symptoms? |
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Definition
| Withdrawal Symptoms — abrupt stop --- craving, dysphoria, nervous system over-activity |
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Term
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Definition
| Cross-Tolerance — another drug substitutes |
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Term
| what is a partial agonist? |
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Definition
| Partial Agonist — stimulates but “ceiling” effect |
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Term
| what is the opiate's MoA? |
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Definition
| Opioid medications stimulate dopamine neuroreceptors in a manner similar to other drugs of abuse |
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Term
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Definition
Detoxification — agonist, taper and/or clonidine
(transcrainal electro-stimulation -- inc. endorphin) |
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Term
| what are opiate substitutions? |
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Definition
| Substitution — methadone, buprenorphine |
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Term
| what are opiate antagonists? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do you use for relapse prevention? |
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Definition
| Relapse Prevention — naltrexone |
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Term
| what newer drugs can be used? |
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Definition
| New — long-acting buprenorphine, naltrexone |
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Term
| what are the withdrawl symptoms? |
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Definition
Sweating;
Yawning;
Anxiety;
Increased BP and respiratory rate;
Cravings ;
Lacrimation ;
Piloerection;
Rhinitis;
Gastrointestinal symptoms;
Abdominal cramps, Diarrhea |
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Term
| what are methadone's benefits" |
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Definition
oral, long-acting and cheap;
“blocking dose”;
Eliminate injection risks;
Normalization of body; health;
Life not centered around heroin;
Reduced crime;
Employment |
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Term
| what is "methadone maintenance?" |
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Definition
| Stabilizing and normalizing effects of methadone compared to heroin. |
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