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| programs that control/maintain operations of computer/its devices(called operating systems/utility programs) |
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| a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources |
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| process of starting or restarting a computer |
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| turning on a computer that has been powered off completely |
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| using operating system to restart a computer |
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| another term for operating system |
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| runs the same on multiple operating systems |
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| the core of an operating system that manages memory/devices, maintains clock, starts programs / assigns resources |
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| remains in memory while computer is running |
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| remains on a storage medium until needed |
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| basic input/output system |
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| basic input/output system |
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| firmware that contains startup instructions |
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| power-on self test (POST) |
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| the series of tests that BIOS executes to make sure hardware is connected properly/operating correctly |
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| several files that contain the system configuration info |
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| drive from which your personal computer boots or starts |
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| boot disk or recovery disk |
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| contains a few system files to start the computer allowing you to preview the OS w/out installing it or boot from a computer w/ a damaged hard disk |
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| saves open documents/programs to RAM, turns off unneeded functions and places computer in low-power state |
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| saves open documents/programs to a hard disk and removes power from computer |
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| controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen w/ a graphical user interface (GUI) you interact w/menus/visual images |
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| user uses the keyboard to enter data and instructions |
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| the set of commands used w/ a command-line interface |
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| single user/single tasking |
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| OS that allows only one user to run one program at a time |
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| OS that allows single user to work on 2+ programs at the same time |
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| program(s) running but not in use |
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| OS interrupts program executing/passes control to another program waiting to be executed and is used to prevent one program/process from monopolizing resources |
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| OS that enables 2+ users to run programs simultaneously |
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| OS that supports 2+ processors running programs at the same time |
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| continues to operate when one of its components fails ensuring no loss of data by using duplicate components |
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| a portion of a storage medium functioning as additional RAM |
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| the area of hard disk used for virtual memory that exchanges data/info between memory/storage |
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| the amount of data/program instructions that can swap at a given time |
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| the technique of swapping items between memory/storage |
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| when OS spends too much time paging instead of executing app software |
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| a small program that tells the OS how to communicate w/a device |
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| a segment of memory or storage where items are placed in waiting to transfer from input to output device |
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| used w/printed documents where document to be printed is sent to a buffer instead of immediately to printer |
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| a line up of documents in the buffer |
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| a program that intercepts documents to be printed from OS/places them in the queue |
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| program that assesses/reports info about computer resources/devices |
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| automatically provides updates to the program |
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| OS that organizes/coordinates how multiple users access/share network resources like hardware, software, data/info |
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| the process of encoding data/info into an unreadable form |
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| program that only runs on a specific type/make of computer |
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| privately owned/limited to specific vendor or computer model |
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| OS that run on a variety of computers from different manufacturers |
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| stand-alone operating system |
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| a complete operating system that works on a desktop computer, notebook computer, or mobile computing device |
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| a type of stand-alone OS that works in conjunction w/a server OS |
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| a type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks |
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| a utility that performs functions related to file management |
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| a program that attempts to locate a file on your computer based on criteria you specify |
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| allows users to display, copy, and print the contents of a graphics file |
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| removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system files |
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| searches for and removes unnecessary files |
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| reorganizes the files and unused space on a computer’s hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs run faster |
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| allows users to copy files to another storage medium |
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| reverses the process and returns backed up files to their original form |
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| the utility that causes a display device’s screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no activity occurs for a specified time |
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| a utility that detects and protects a personal computer from unauthorized intrusions |
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| a potentially damaging program that affects a computer negatively |
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| copies itself repeatedly in memory or over a network |
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| hides w/in or looks like a legitimate program |
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| a program secretly placed on a computer to collect info about the user |
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| displays ads in a banner or pop-up window |
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| programs that remove or block certain items from being displayed |
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| shrinks files to free up room on storage media and there are two types lossy and lossless |
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| file compression where quality decreases each time and cannot be restored to exact original state |
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| file compression where the file can be returned to its exact orginal state |
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| personal computer maintenance utility |
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| identifies and fixes operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability of improving a computer’s performance |
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