Term
| Types of Oncologic Emergencies |
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Definition
| Mechanical, Infectious, Hematologic, Metabolic |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cardiopulmonary, Cardiac tamponade, Central nervous systems,abdominal, obstructive uropathy, extravasation |
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|
Term
| Cardiopulmonary emergencies |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Cardiac tamponade emergencies |
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Definition
| Superior vena cava syndrome, Airway obstruction |
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|
Term
| Central nervous system emergencies |
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Definition
| spinal cord compression, carcinomatous meningitis, seizures, cerebral herniation |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Obstructive uropathy emergencies |
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Definition
| pancreatitis, hemorrhagic cystitis |
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Term
|
Definition
| neutropenic fever, sepsis |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| hypercalcemia, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, tumor lysis syndrome, adrenal failure, lactic acidosis |
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|
Term
| Set of metabolic abnormalities that result from acute destruction of neoplastic cells and release of their inracellular contents into circulation |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, ureteral obstruction |
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|
Term
| TLS can lead to this without proper prevention and treatment (50% mortality rate!) |
|
Definition
| renal failure, uric acid nephropathy and nephrolithiasis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| proliferation rate, size, sensitivity to therapy |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| malignancy type, extent of disease, type of treatment |
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|
Term
| baseline considerations for TLS |
|
Definition
| Renal function, hydration, pre-existing metabolic abnormalities |
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|
Term
| TLS is most commony associated with |
|
Definition
| Leukemia, high grade lymphomas |
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|
Term
| in TLS, less common but ocurs with solid tumors |
|
Definition
| small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, multiple myeloma, squamous-cell carcinomas |
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|
Term
| Prevention of Tumor Lysis Syndrome |
|
Definition
| IV fluids, urinary alkalinzation, allopurinol, serum electrolytes |
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|
Term
| Block tubular reabsorption of uric acid |
|
Definition
| aspirin, radiographic contrast, probenecid, thiazide diuretics, salicylates, etc |
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|
Term
| treatment of Tumor Lysis Syndrome |
|
Definition
| Alkalinization of urine, Allopurinol, Rasburicase |
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|
Term
| inhibits xanthine oxidase from converting purine breakdown into uric acid |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid into allantoin |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients with this deficiency are unable to neutralize hydrogen peroxide and therefore cannot take Rasburicase |
|
Definition
| glucose 6 phosphate and dehydrogenase (G6PD) |
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|
Term
| Most frequent metabolic emergency in cancer patients |
|
Definition
| Hypercalcemia of malignancy |
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|
Term
| Hypercalcemia of malignancy |
|
Definition
| rate of calcium mobilization from bone exceeds renal ability to excrete |
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|
Term
| >80% of cancer patients with hypercalcemia have this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stimulates cancer cells to produce osteolytic prostaglandins that leads to increased bone resorption |
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Definition
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|
Term
| May occur when treating with Rasburicase |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Hypercalcemia of malignancy occurs most frequently in: |
|
Definition
| breast cancer, multiple myeloma, lung cancer |
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|
Term
| Acute signs/symptoms hypercalcemia malignancy |
|
Definition
| nausea, vomiting, constipation, polyuria, polydipsia, muscle weakness, acute renal insufficiency, mental status change, EKG changes |
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|
Term
| Chronic hypercalcemia malignancy symptoms |
|
Definition
| kidney stones, bone pain, depression, weight loss, fatigue, lethargy |
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|
Term
| Treatment of hypercalcemia malignancy |
|
Definition
| hydration and diuresis, bisphosphonate, calcitonin |
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|
Term
| inhibit osteoclast activity, usually need to help sustain lowered calcium levels |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Bisphonate given IV over 2-24 hours |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Bisphonate given IV bolus over 5 min or 15 min infusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| higher response rates compared to pamidronate, longer druation of responses (Several weeks) |
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|
Term
| Bisphonate given IV bolus -- similar response rates but longer time period to relapse |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| take 1-2 days to see response with maximum response around 7 days |
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|
Term
| Side effects of bisphonates |
|
Definition
| renal insufficiency, fever, skeletal pains, FSGS |
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|
Term
| begins to lower calcium in 1-2 hours |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| side effects of calcitonin |
|
Definition
| facial flushing, nausea/vomiting, allergic reaction, caution tachyphylaxis (should be given with a glucocorticoid) |
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|
Term
| Tumor growth that develop into epidural metastases |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Spinal cord compression can be due to |
|
Definition
| non-mechanical causes (radiation myelopathy, toxicity of cytotoxic drugs, carcinomatous myopathy) |
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Term
|
Definition
| carcinomas of the breast, lung, and prostate |
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|
Term
| Signs/Symptoms of spinal cord compression |
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Definition
| Pain-- acute or gradual, central or radicular back pain, worsened in recumbency, weight-bearing, coughing, sneezing, valsalva maneuver, and is relieved by sitting up |
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|
Term
| Treatment of spinal cord compression |
|
Definition
| corticosteroids, radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy |
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Term
|
Definition
| corticosteroid treatment for SCC |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| usually done in conjunction with steroid therapy. predictable responses of prostate, lung and breast carcinomas |
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|
Term
| when obstructed leads to venous blockages producing pleural effusions, facial, arm and tracheal edema |
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Definition
| superior vena cava syndrome |
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|
Term
| signs/symptoms superior vena cava syndrome |
|
Definition
| facial edema, venous engorgement, impaired consciousness |
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|
Term
| treatment of superior vena cava syndrome |
|
Definition
| radiation therapy, chemotherapy, intravascular stenting/angioplasty, anticoagulation (controversial), diuretics and elevation of head |
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Term
| leakage of IV drugs from the vein into the surrounding tissue |
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Definition
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|
Term
| drug or other agent that is not corrosive but can cause a reversible inflammatory effect by chemical action at the site of contact |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| substance that causes tissue blistering |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Prevention of this is key to avoidance of detrimental effects |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Has several benefits over other bisphosphonates in treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy |
|
Definition
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