Term
| What nerve is responsible for smell? What type of information does it carry? |
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Definition
Olfactory Nerve
- sensory information |
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Term
| This nerve is responsible for taste, swallowing, thoracoabdominal viscera, and talking and carries both sensory and motor information. |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve controls the superior oblique? What type of information does this nerve carry? |
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Definition
Trochlear Nerve
- Motor information |
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Term
| The oculomotor nerve relates to the eye, what are its responsibilities? What type of information does it carry? |
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Definition
Eye movement, accommodation, pupil constriction
- Motor |
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Term
| What nerve is sensory and responsible for vision? |
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Definition
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Term
| The trigeminal nerve is responsible for what and carries what type of information? |
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Definition
Facial sensation, mastication
-> Both |
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Term
| The facial nerve is responsible for what and carries what type of information? |
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Definition
Facial expressions, anterior 2/3 taste, lacrimation, salvation (submaxillary and submandibular glands)
-> both |
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Term
| This nerve is sensory and carries the information for hearing and balance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve is responsible for controlling abduction? Is this nerve sensory, motor, or both? |
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Definition
| Abducens Nerve-> controls the lateral rectus, motor only |
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Term
| This nerve is called the student nerve because it is responsible for head turning and shoulder shrugging? Is it sensory, motor, or both? |
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Definition
| Spinal accessory nerve, motor |
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Term
| The hypoglossal nerve is a motor nerve responsible for what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve that carries both sensory and motor information is responsible for swallowing, salivation (parotid gland), posterior 1/3 of taste, monitors carotid sinus? For bonus, what reflex does this nerve control? |
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Definition
| Glossopharyngeal, gag reflex |
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Term
| If I tell you my patient's uvula is deviated to the left, what cranial nerve is affected and where is the lesion? What symptoms might the patient report if this nerve is severely affected? |
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Definition
| Vagus nerve, right side lesion, hoarse voice if there is a failure of palate elevation |
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Term
| If my patient's tongue is deviated to the right, where is the lesion and what nerve is affected here? |
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Definition
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Term
| What fibers cross: nasal or temporal? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the cell bodies of the optic nerve located? |
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Definition
| Retinal ganglion cell layer |
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Term
| Where are the three final destinations for the optic nerve fibers and what is each responsible for? |
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Definition
Pretectal nucleus: pupil innervation
LGN-> V1
superior colliculus: saccades |
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Term
| Where is the Edinger-Westphal nucleus located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the ciliary ganglion located? |
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Definition
| between the optic nerve and lateral rectus |
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Term
| If a patient presents with sudden-onset bilateral ptosis, what am I worried about? |
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Definition
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Term
| Syphillis affects what tract, and specifically where? |
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Definition
| Tectotegmental tract, between Pons and EWN |
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Term
| The superior division enters the eye through what fissure, and what does it innervate? |
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Definition
| Superior orbital fissure, superior rectus, superior levator palpebrae, sympathetic innervation to Muller's |
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Term
| The inferior division enters the eye through what fissure and what does it innervate? |
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Definition
| Superior orbital fissure, medial rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, ciliary ganglion-> Short posterior ciliary nerves -> innervate sphincter and ciliary muscles |
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Term
| Which fibers are the only ones to decussate in the CNIII? |
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Definition
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Term
| If I lesion the right SR nucleus, what would be affected? |
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Definition
| the contralateral SR muscle (and possibly the ipsilateral also) |
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Term
| What is the most superior in the orbit? 2nd most? last? |
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Definition
| superior levator palpebrae, superior rectus, superior oblique |
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Term
| What muscle is responsible for opening the eye? For maintaining the eye open? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the skinniest nerve? What is the primary action of this nerve? What is most likely to cause damage to this nerve? |
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Definition
| Trochlear, Intorsion, Trauma |
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Term
| If I have a patient whose head is tilted to the right, what nucleus is likely effected? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do the roots of the trigeminal nerve originate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the course of the trigeminal nerve? |
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Definition
| Travel from face/head through cavernous sinus to synapse in the trigeminal ganglion (located on the posterior portion of cavernous sinus) going to the sensory nuclei in pons then to thalamus |
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Term
| Nasociliary nerve is part of what nerve, and what division? What does it provide information for? |
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Definition
| V1-> trigeminal, cornea, iris, side of nose |
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Term
| What are the branches of the nasociliary nerve? |
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Definition
| infratrochlear, anterior and posterior ethmoid, long ciliary nerves, short ciliary nerves |
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Term
| Which is more medial: supratrochlear or supraorbital? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve branch splits into the supratrochlear and supraorbital? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False. A patient with HSV-Keratitis is more likely to have the lower eyelid affected with the forehead. |
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Definition
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Term
| What division combines with the lacrimal nerve to allow for lacrimation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the lacrimal nerve go beside the lacrimal gland? |
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Definition
| lateral conj. and lateral part of upper eyelid |
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Term
| How does the V2 division enter the orbit? |
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Definition
| Foramen rotundum in the greater wing of the sphenoid, inferior orbital fissure |
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Term
| What nerve innervates the lower eyelids, cheek, and upper lip? |
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Definition
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Term
| What portion of V2 contributes to lacrimation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Abducens if most likely damaged by what? |
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Definition
| Increased Intracranial pressure, usually by a space-occupying lesion |
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Term
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Definition
| Mastication and sensory of lower face |
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Term
| If I have a patient where the whole left side of the face looks ironed out (i.e. no expression or wrinkles), what is happening? |
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Definition
| Bell's Palsy on the left side of the facial nerve |
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Term
| What is the course of facial nerve? |
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Definition
| Precentral motor cortex in the frontal lobe, fibers descend with corticobulbar tract to pons, facial colliculus, petrous portion of temporal bone, exits through stylomastoid foramen |
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Term
| What muscle does the motor division of the CN7 control? |
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Definition
| Stapedius muscle, dampens sound |
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Term
| If I have a left upper motor neuron lesion to CN7, what side of the face will be affected and where? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main cause of exposure keratopathy? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false. Pupillary fibers are peripheral in the CN3. |
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Definition
| True-> makes them more susceptible to tumor or aneurysm |
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Term
| What is believed to be the cause of central serous retinopathy? |
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Definition
| hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system, localized damage to Bruch's membrane |
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Term
| What is the vidian nerve and what does it do? |
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Definition
| part of V2, provides vasoconstriction to the lacrimal gland |
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Term
| What forms the ILM of Elschnig? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the anterior knees of Wilbrand? |
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Definition
| Inferior nasal fibers that loop anteriorly into optic tract of contralateral side before crossing |
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Term
| What is the posterior knee of Wilbrand? |
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Definition
| superior nasal fibers that loop posteriorly into optic tract of ipsilateral side before crossing |
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Term
| Where do macular fibers project to? |
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Definition
| outer, superficial surface of the occipital lobe |
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Term
| Pie in the sky means I have a lesion where |
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Definition
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Term
| lingual gyrus is the termination point of what |
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Definition
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Term
| why do we get macular sparing homonymous hemianopias |
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Definition
macula has 2 blood supplies
- seen often with stroke
- non-macular sparing-> trauma, tumor |
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Term
| what is a junctional scotoma |
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Definition
| lesion at the junction of the optic chiasm and nerve; loss of centrall vision in one eye and inferior nasal fibers of the other eye |
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Term
| True or false. I will get an APD with a retinal lesion. |
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Definition
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Term
| where are horizontal midline respecting lesions found |
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Definition
anterior to the chiasm
- glaucoma prime example |
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Term
| wjhere are vertical midline respecting lesions found |
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Definition
posterior to the chiasm
- strokes main cause |
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Term
| What mechanism accounts for most of the sodium concentration in the aqueous humor? |
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Definition
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Term
| The efferent fibers that serve the ciliary body leave the brain where? |
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Definition
interpeduncular fossa
-preganglionic portions of CN3 |
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Term
| The posterior conjunctival arteries branch from what? |
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Definition
| perforating arteries of the palpebral arcades |
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Term
| the anterior conjunctival arteries are branches of what |
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Definition
| episcleral branches of the anterior ciliary arteries |
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Term
| An aneurysm at the cervical sympathetic trunk would cause what ocular condition most likely? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Long posterior ciliary and anterior ciliary |
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Term
| where are the palisades of Vogt? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name a tributary of the cavernous sinus. |
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Definition
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Term
| A bone fracture on the side of the anterior to the auricle and the pterion is most likely to damage arterial branches of what artery: |
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Definition
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Term
| what skull landmark contains the mandibular nerve is nearest to the otic ganglion |
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Definition
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Term
| what duct runs over the external surface of the masseter muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| Extreme, localized congestion and edema of the mucous membrane of middle matus of the nasal cavity is most likely to affect the drainage of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is found only in EOMs and is considered the proprioceptive element of these muscles? |
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Definition
| myotendinous cylinder (palisade ending) |
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Term
| If I have a tumor in the oculomotor foramen, what will be affected? |
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Definition
| Superior and inferior division of the oculomotor nerve |
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Term
If I lesion the right CN 3 nucleus, what will be the problem: pick 3
a) issues with the contralateral inferior rectus
b) issues with the ipsilateral oblique
c) issues with the ipsilateral medial rectus
d) issues with the contralateral superior levator palpebrae
e) issues with the ipsilateral superior levator palpebrae |
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Definition
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Term
| what synapses in the semilunar ganglion |
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Definition
| the sensory portions of CN5 |
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Term
| what three areas of cornea does the nasociliary nerve supply? |
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Definition
| corneal epithelium, anterior stroma, middle stroma |
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Term
| what is the ophthalmic nerve? |
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Definition
| NFL (nasociliary, frontal, lacrimal), sensory information from CN3, 4, 6, proprioceptive information from EOMs |
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Term
| V2 travels through what foramen and carries information from where? |
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Definition
| Foramen rotundum, lower eyelids, upper lip, cheek, upper teeth, maxillary sinus |
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Term
| where does the tectobulbar tract go? |
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Definition
| superior colliculus to CN3, 4, 6 |
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Term
| where is the motor component of the facial nerve located? |
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Definition
| reticular formation of the pons |
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Term
| What is carried in the upper motor portion of the facial nerve, lower motor portion of the facial nerve? |
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Definition
Upper-> frontalis, procerus, corrugator, superciliaris, orbicularis
lower-> facial muscles |
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Term
| what is the collagenous border tissue of the retina? |
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Definition
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Term
| anterior optic radiations are supplied by what vasculature? |
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Definition
| anterior choroidal artery, middle cerebral artery |
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Term
| what supplies the middle portion of the optic radiations? |
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Definition
| deep middle cerebral artery |
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Term
| what supplies the posterior portion of the optic radiations? |
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Definition
| posterior cerebral artery, calcarine branch |
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Term
| where does superior retinal information synapse in the LGN? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does inferior retinal information synapse in the LGN? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does the macular information synapse in LGN? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| sphenopalatine ganglion -> parasympathetic information to the choroid |
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Term
| irritation of any branch of CN 5 causes what |
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Definition
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