Term
| Short term effects of an active, healthy lifestyle |
|
Definition
• Respiratory rate, tidal volume and minute volume
• Heart rate, cardiac output and stroke volume
• Muscle fatigue, increase in temperature.
Application of these via practical examples.
Changes in blood-flow to muscles during exercise with identification of the vascular shunt mechanism.
Application of this via practical examples. |
|
|
Term
| The learning of skills through a range of methods |
|
Definition
• Practice/rehearsal
• Copying others
• Trial and error
• Appropriate role models. |
|
|
Term
| Types of exercise can develop participation and performance in an active, healthy lifestyle. |
|
Definition
• Circuit training
• Weight training
• Plyometrics
• Flexibility training
• Continuous training
• Fartlek
• Interval training |
|
|
Term
| Understanding the muscular system in relation to physical performance |
|
Definition
Identification of ways in which an active, healthy lifestyle can maintain and develop the health of muscles.
Application of these via practical examples.
Understanding which of the major muscle groups (Deltoid; Trapezius; Latissimus dorsi; Pectorals; Biceps; Triceps; Abdominals; Quadriceps; Hamstrings) are involved in and benefit from particular types of physical activity.
The roles of muscle in movement
• Prime movers
• Antagonist
• Synergist
• Antagonistic pairs.
Candidates should be able to describe these roles and give applied practical examples of appropriate muscle groups that are used when participating in specific physical activities.
Application of these via practical examples. |
|
|
Term
| Functions of the skelital system |
|
Definition
• Shape/support; importance of healthy posture
• Blood cell production; importance of red blood cells for energy/minerals
• Protection; importance of healthy bones to avoid injury and allow sustained involvement in physical activity
• Movement/leverage; importance of levers and joints in facilitating movement
• Mineral store; importance of minerals for health. |
|
|
Term
| Long term effects of an active, healthy lifestyle |
|
Definition
• Heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output
• Lung volumes and rate of recovery
• Increase in strength of muscle fibres; hypertrophy; increased tolerance to lactic acid.
Application of these via practical examples. |
|
|
Term
| The importance of different types of feedback |
|
Definition
• Intrinsic
• Extrinsic
• Knowledge of results
• Knowledge of performance. |
|
|
Term
| Identifying potential hazards in a range of settings related to the role of participant, leader or official |
|
Definition
• The gymnasium/sports hall/fitness centre
• Playing field
• Artificial outdoor areas
• Court areas
• Outdoor adventurous areas |
|
|
Term
| Role and function of tendons |
|
Definition
The value of healthy and efficient muscles and tendons with associated problems and how to avoid them:
• Soreness
• Strain
• Overuse
• Inflammation
• Tendonitis.
How participation in an active, healthy lifestylecan avoid the above problems with applied practical examples.
The effects of lactic acid
Give applied examples of when lactic acid affects exercise and training and the ability to maintain physical activity, to enable participation in an active, healthy lifestyle. |
|
|
Term
| Exercise and training principles that affect improving health and fitness |
|
Definition
Identification and description of:
• Overload
• Specificity
• Progression
• Reversibility.
Apply these principles to plan a targeted range of exercise/training programmes using applied practical examples.
Identification of the FITT principle and applied practical examples of how these might affect health and fitness
• Frequency
• Intensity
• Time
• Type.
Factors affecting effective exercise in a safe and positive environment for adopting an active, healthy lifestyle. Application via practical examples. |
|
|
Term
| How to reduce risks and injuries |
|
Definition
Minimising risks through knowledge of:
• Correct clothing/footwear
• Personal protective equipment
• Health and Safety procedures
• Lifting, carrying and placing equipment safely
• Appropriate level of competition
• Warm up and cool down
• The importance of personal hygiene to avoid minor infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Control of emotions to enable fair play and to cope with stress.
The effects of mental preparation for performance:
• Relaxation
• Focusing
• Raising confidence.
Application of these methods via practical examples. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Ball and socket – shoulder
• Hinge – elbow and knee |
|
|
Term
| The importance of goal setting |
|
Definition
• To optimise performance
• To ensure exercise adherence
• To control anxiety. |
|
|
Term
| Types of movements at joints |
|
Definition
• Flexion
• Extension
• Rotation
• Abduction
• Adduction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Ligament
• Cartilage
• Synovial fluid |
|
|
Term
| Local and national provision – examples of levels of provision locally and nationally |
|
Definition
• Local authority (Scotchbarn Leisure Centre)
• Private enterprise (Eccleston Golf Course)
• Voluntary organisations (football/rugby clubs)
• National organisations (National Governing Bodies, Lilleshall (Football))
• Olympic organisations (International Olympic Committee; British Olympic Association). |
|
|
Term
| Problems/injuries to joints |
|
Definition
• Inflammation of joints
• Osteoarthritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TV, Radio, Internet, Newspapers, Magazines, Leaflets |
|
|
Term
| Current government initiatives to promote active, healthy lifestyles |
|
Definition
• Five hours of high-quality Physical Education and sport per week
• One hour of physical activity per day
• Eating five fruit and vegetables per day. |
|
|
Term
| What schools provide to influence young people to get involved in physical activity as part of a healthy lifestyle |
|
Definition
• Examination courses/related qualifications
• Extra curricular activities
• Links with clubs/agencies
• Health awareness programmes. |
|
|
Term
| Positive effects of Sponsorship |
|
Definition
Time, money and equipment for performer.
Avertising for sponsor, positive image. |
|
|
