Term
| What makes up the Medial Column? |
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Definition
| Primarily the Cuneiforms, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Mets |
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Term
| What makes up the Lateral Column? |
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Definition
| Primarily the 4thm, 5th Mets |
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Term
| What is the Primary Role of the Medial Column? |
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Definition
| Shock absorption and terrain adaptation (mobile adapter). |
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Term
| Why does the 1st Ray dorsiflex? |
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Definition
| To compensate fo STJ pronation and to alleviate stress on the sesamoids. |
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Term
| T/F The Medial Column has a small ROM? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F The Medial Column can dorsiflex as much as the Calcaneus everts during STJ pronation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Primary Role of the Lateral Column? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why when the FF everts the Calcaneus does does too? |
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Definition
| Helps maintain a somewhat locked position of MTJ though Gait Cycle. |
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Term
| T/F The Lateral Column has a small ROM? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does the Lateral Column have a small ROM? |
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Definition
| Insures the Calcaneus and Lateral Column move together for adaptation to terrain (also that the FF will remain locked on the RF due to OMTJ axis pronation. |
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Term
| T/F If and axis of a joint is deviated to become more perpendicular to a certain body plane, then motion in that plane will be the dominant motion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What will be the Plane of Dominance if the OMTJ axis is deviated so that it is more vertically oriented, thus more perpendicular to the Transverse Plane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What actions will you see more of in the FF when the RF is more pronated and supinated on the OMTJ? |
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Definition
| Adduction and Abduction (with some dorsiflexion and plantarflexion). |
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Term
| If the STJ axis is more vertically oriented, it is then more perpendicular to the transverse plane. Why is this a problem? |
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Definition
| B/c for the STJ to convert Torque form the leg rotation you need frontal plane motion at the STJ |
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Term
| What prevents Abduction and Adduction of the foot on the ground? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structures compensate for a vertically deviated STJ axis? |
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Definition
| The Ankle, knee and hip. (Proximal joints are greatly affected by distal) |
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Term
| If the STJ axis is deviated more horizontally then it is more perpendicular to what plane? |
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Definition
| Frontal Plane (more inversion/eversion) |
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Term
| More frontal plane motion in the STJ, and thus more angulation possible between bones at joints will lead to what? |
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Definition
| Inc. instability, hypermobility and subluxation seen with STJ pronation. |
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Term
| Will pathology that stems form STJ pronation and excess frontal plane motion be seen in the foot or leg? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the STJ axis deviates in the transverse plane medially, what motion will be excentuated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the Lateral Ankle Ligaments? |
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Definition
| Provide emergency stability for ankle in response to Subtalar inversion, preventing subluxation. |
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Term
| What are the Lateral Ankle Ligaments? |
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Definition
| Ant. Talo-Fibular, Calcaneo-Fibular and Post. Talo-Fibular Ligs. |
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Term
| What Fixed Structural Position can result in lateral instability? |
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Definition
| Short lateral column or FF Valgus |
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Term
| What makes up the Plantar Fascia? |
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Definition
| Abductor Hallucis, Abductor Digiti Minimi and Plantar Aponeurosis. |
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Term
| All bands of the Plantar Fascia attach to what structure? |
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Definition
| Plantar Process of the Calcaneus |
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Term
| What is the Windlass Mechanism? |
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Definition
| Increased height of Medial Arch as the medial and central bands tighten in response to dorsiflexion of the digits, especially the Hallux. This plantarflexes the 1st Met. |
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Term
| What else will we see with the Windlass Mechanism? |
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Definition
| Inversion of the Calcaneus, due to the tightening of the Plantar Fascia (This Supinates the STJ passively!) |
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Term
| T/F A small amount of energy is expended by the Windlass Mechanism to cause this supination of the STJ? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Passive supination of the STJ by the Windlass Mechanism is one of the reasons for continued supination into propulsion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the Central Band attach as it begins to branch off and send slips to the digits? |
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Definition
| The Integument (Skin) for added strength. |
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Term
| According to Elftman, When are the CC 1 Axis in line with TN 1 axis? |
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Definition
| In prontation. Results in an unlocked MTJ |
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Term
| According to Elftman, how are the four axis of the MTJ posistiond during supination? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the Elftman theory widely held today? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Root (1960), when is the locking position of the MTJ? |
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Definition
| When the STJ is neutral and pronation of the MTJ stops. (Full Pronation) |
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Term
| What is the normal for the plantar surface of the foot when the MTJ is locked? |
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Definition
| FF and RF surfaces are parallel OR When the plantar surface of the FF is perpendicular to a vertical bisection of the Calcaneus. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 examples of abnormal MTJ locking? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Husons single axis theory? |
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Definition
| MTJ acutally consists of the Navicular and Cuboid rotatiog around the Talus along with the Calcaneus |
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Term
| What is Nester and Findlow single axis theory? |
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Definition
| MTJ consts of the Navicular and Cuboid move as a single unit. Not matter what motion is occurring there is only a single axis of motion at all times in this model! |
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Term
| In which planes does motion of the lesser MPJ's occur? |
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Definition
| Transverse and Sagittal Planes |
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Term
| How many degrees of motion does each MPJ need? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F MPJ's use the smae mechanism as the 1st to get the 62' +/- 1- degrees? |
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Definition
| TRUE, The Met must plantarflex on the proximal phalanx. |
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Term
| Why do you need less motion of the lesser MPJ's than the 1st? |
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Definition
| B/c the lesser Met Heads and digits lift of the ground before the Hallux. |
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Term
| What is the cause of the Oblique toe break when the digits dorsiflex during propulsion? |
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Definition
| The Oblique Line of the lesser MPJ's |
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Term
| T/F FF loads from Medial to Lateral? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the Windlass Mechanism/Effect more prominent in the Medial Column? |
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Definition
| The central band sends slips in the each digit. B/c the Hallux dorsiflexes more than the lesser digits the Windlass Mechanism is greatest on the medial side. |
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Term
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Definition
| Congenital resulting from retention of varus torsion of the talar head and neck. |
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Term
| What is the Uncompensated FF Varus? |
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Definition
| No Subtalar eversion to equalize ground forces on the FF. Excessive weight born on the lateral foot. |
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Term
| What is the Compensated FF Varsus |
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Definition
| Enough Subtalar eversion to equalize ground forces on the FF. Pronatin in Propulsion. |
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Term
| What is Partial Compensated FF Varus? |
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Definition
| Some Subtalr eversion, but not enough to completely equalize ground reactive forces on the forefoot. |
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Term
| What is the biggest problem with FF Varus? |
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Definition
| Abnormal STJ pronation, especially during propulsion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Foot cannot dorsiflex the 10 degrees needed at Midstance in relation to the Tibia. Can be muscular or osseous. |
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Term
| What will you see at Heel Contact with Equinas? |
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Definition
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Term
| What will you commonly see in patients with Equinas? |
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Definition
| Walking with knee flexed to relieve tension on the gastrocnemius muscles. |
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Term
| In Equinas you commonly see what due to tight gastrocs or tight medial or lateral hams? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Congenital resulting from excessive valgus torsion of the head and neck of the talus relative to the body of the talus. |
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Term
| What is the Compensation for FF Valgus? |
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Definition
| At MTJ by dorsiflexing the 1st Ray or at the STJ by supination of the STJ or Both. |
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Term
| What are the leasions that we see from a Compensated FF Valgus? |
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Definition
| Sub 2 if from MTJ and Sub 1 or 5 from STJ |
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Term
| What is Plantarflexed 1st Ray? |
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Definition
| Plane of Met Head 1 and 5 everted to RF. 1st Ray plantarflexed in relation to Met Head 2-5 |
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Term
| What can cause Plantarflexed 1st Ray? |
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Definition
| Contracture state of the Peroneus Longus or tight medial slips of the Plantar Fascia. |
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Term
| What is the Compensation and Lesion that goes with Plantarflexed 1st Ray? |
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Definition
| Supinaiton of STJ and lesions under 1st and 5th Met Heads. |
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Term
| What causes Medial Loading? |
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Definition
| External Forces, widened base of gait for heavy lifting causes medial STJ loading. Forces increased toward pronating STJ |
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Term
| What is the Effect of Obesity? |
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Definition
| Inc force at center of mass (body weight), more medial force again toward pronation of the STJ. |
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Term
| What is the Effect of Tibial Valgus or Heel Valgus? |
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Definition
| Eversion of bone putting increased force medial to the STJ and pronation of the STJ. (Tibial valgum think Knock Knee) |
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Term
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Definition
| STJ Varus - Forces directed laterally due to inverted nature of Calcaneus. |
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Term
| What is the compensation for Lateral Loading? |
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Definition
| STJ pronation, to get rest of foot to the ground. |
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Term
| What 2 conditions will direct forces laterally through the foot? |
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Definition
| FF Valgus and Plantarflexed 1st Ray. |
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Term
| What did Finn Bojsen-Moller propose? |
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Definition
| A Transverse and Oblique Axis throught the Met Heads. |
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Term
| Which axis operates for high speed motion or propulsion, sprinting? |
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Definition
| Transverse Axis (Met Head 1 and 2) |
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Term
| Which axis operates for low speed and power (uphill climb, carrying heavy loads)? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Initially in propulsion we are using high gear axis, however we shift medially to the low gear axis for propulsion? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F There is slight pronation at the end of normal propulsion? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| T/F A beam's ends are secure? Why? |
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Definition
| FALSE. The need to elongate during contact and midstance. |
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Term
| When does the foot become a beam? |
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Definition
| At contact, allowing for motion at joints to adapt to terrain w/o bending the foot abnormally. |
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Term
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Definition
| Supports a structure, braces it, makes it rigid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Internal compression (good) |
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Term
| Can the foot elongate due to truss? |
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Definition
| NO, b/c of ground, osseous structure, and phasic muscle activity plus the Windlass mechanism. This results in a Rigid Lever for efficient propulsion. |
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Term
| Name 8 Ontogenic Dysfuncitons? |
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Definition
| FF Varus, Equinas, FF Valgus, Plantarflexed 1st Ray, Medial Loading, Obesity, Tibial Valgus or Heel Valgus and Lateral Loading |
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