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Definition
| Most of the world is made up of these. |
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Term
| The burning of hydrogen gas |
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Definition
| The physical process that keeps the sun going. |
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| The metallic core of a planetary body that crashed into Earth |
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Definition
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| The heat of a protostar ejected debris, creating a solar system. |
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Definition
| How was the Earth formed? |
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Definition
| When did the Big Bang happen? |
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| When was the first evidence of life? |
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Definition
| When did oxygen become plentiful on Earth? |
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Definition
| Charted New Zealand and the Great Barrier Reef. |
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Definition
| Discovered the New World. |
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Definition
| Studied marine biology. Wrote "Structure and the Distribution of Coral Reefs" and correctly identified how coral reefs are formed. |
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Definition
| Invented the compass, the central rudder, water-tight compartments, and sophisticated sails on multiple masts. |
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Definition
| Colonized a group of islands, including Hawaii. Depended on star position for navigation. |
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Definition
| First to calculate the circumfrence of the Earth. |
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Definition
| Invented the chronometer. |
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Term
| Allowed the time method of navigation to be implemented on ships. |
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Definition
| What did the chronometer do? |
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Definition
| What is the name of the first university? |
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Definition
| A ring of coral surrounding a central lagoon. |
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Definition
| An inactive underwater volcano with a flattened top. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Underwater sediment avalanche. |
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Definition
| Layer of earth below the surface on which plates slide around. |
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Definition
| Rigid outer layer of the earth (crust). |
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Definition
| Hot center of the earth, made of iron and nickel. |
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Definition
| A region that is geologically different from regions around it. |
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Definition
| A place where two plates have collided, one sliding underneath another. |
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Definition
| A slice of ocean crust that has slid into continental crust. |
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Definition
| This person came up with the idea of plate tectonics. |
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Term
| In the middle of the ocean. |
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Definition
| Where are the youngest seafloor rocks found? |
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Term
| At the edges of the ocean basin. |
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Definition
| Where are the oldest rocks found? |
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Term
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Definition
| Where are hydrothermal vents found? |
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Term
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Definition
| What was the original mass of continents called? |
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Term
| Radioactivity and residual heat from the sun. |
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Definition
| What keeps the center of the Earth called? |
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Term
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Definition
| Where is biogenous sediment found? |
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Term
| Usually with more dominant sediments. |
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Definition
| Where is hydrogenous sediment found? |
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Term
| On continental margins, abyssal plains, and polar ocean floors. |
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Definition
| Where is terrigenous sediment found? |
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Term
| Mixed in very small proportion with other sediments. |
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Definition
| Where is cosmogenous sediment found? |
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Term
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Definition
| Sediment made of organic substances (hard parts of marine organisms) |
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Term
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Definition
| Sediment made of dust from space. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sediment made of precipitation of dissolved minerals from the ocean. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sediment that comes from the erosion of land, volcanic dust, and blown dust. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surface zone of water where not much changes with depth in terms of temperature or salinity. |
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Term
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Definition
| A zone of rapid salinity increase with depth, just below the surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| A zone of rapid temperature increase with depth, just below the surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| A zone of rapid temperature increase with depth, just below the surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| Density increases with increasing depth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lies below the pycnocline. Not much changes with increasing depth. |
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Term
| Photosynthesis of marine plants. |
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Definition
| What is the primary source of oxygen in sea water? |
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Term
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Definition
| What does the addition of salt do to the freezing temperature of water? |
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Definition
| Highly alkaline (pH number) |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| Two most abundant ions in seawater. |
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Term
| Excess volatiles in the earth's mantle and residue from surface weathering |
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Definition
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Term
| Intertropical Convergence Zone |
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Definition
| The boundary zone separating the northeast trade winds from the southeast trade winds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Persistent tropical winds that blow from the subtropical high pressure centers towards the equatorial low. |
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Term
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Definition
| Boundary between two air masses with differing characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| What causes summers and winters? |
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Term
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Definition
| Cool air from the sea blows towards land. |
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Term
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Definition
| As the land loses heat at night to space, the warm air over the ocean rises over the cool air on land and reverses the direction of the breeze. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where is the Gulf Stream? |
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Term
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Definition
| Where is the California Current? |
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Term
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Definition
| Where is the Canary Current? |
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Term
| Just north of the Equator. |
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Definition
| Where is the North Equatorial Current? |
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Term
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Definition
| Where is the Kuroshio Current? |
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Term
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Definition
| Circular movement of water where currents pass obstructions or between two adjacent currents flowing in opposite directions or along the edge of a permanent current. |
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Definition
| Circuit of mid-latitude currents around the periphery of an ocean basin. |
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Definition
| Mixing of two water masses with the same densities, but different temperatures and salinity. It ends up denser. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unit of volume transport. |
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Term
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Definition
| Water circulation produced by different water salinity and/or temperature. |
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Definition
| No-tide point in the ocean. |
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Term
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Definition
| Time of no tide-induced currents that occurs when the currents change directions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pendulum-like rocking of water in an enclosed area. |
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Definition
| Reference level against which tide height is measured. |
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Definition
| Water rushing out of an enclosed harbor or bay because of a fall in the sea level as the tide trough approaches. |
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Term
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Definition
| The time of the smallest variation between high and low tides occurring when the earth, moon, and sun align at right angles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Time of the largest variation betweeen high and low tides occurring when the earth, moon, and sun align in a straight line. |
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Term
| An unusual rise in the sea level as a result of the low atmospheric pressure and strong winds associated with a tropical cyclone. |
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Definition
| Where do storm surges come from? |
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Term
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Definition
| One high and one low tide. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two high and two low tides. |
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Term
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Definition
| Miami has this sort of tides. |
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Term
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Definition
| Complex tide cycle, usually two high and two low tides of unequal height per day. |
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Term
| Every 50 to 100 million years or so. |
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Definition
| How often do mass extinctions occur? |
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Term
| Animalia, Chordata, Mammalia, Primate, Hominidae, Homo, Sapien. |
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Definition
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Term
| Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. |
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Definition
| Order of scientific classification: |
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Term
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Definition
| The planktonic phase of the life cycle or organisms that spend only part of their life drifting in the plankton. |
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Term
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Definition
| Permanent members of the plankton community |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that derive nourishments from other organisms because they are unable to synthesize their own food. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that synthesize their own food. |
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Term
| Dinoflagellites (phytoplankton) |
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Definition
| Responsible for red tides. |
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| Can hold their breath, generate internal body heat, streamlined body shape, modified respiratory system for oxygen |
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Definition
| Characteristics of a marine mammal: |
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Term
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Definition
| Attached; unable to move. |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| Unable to tolerate large ranges of salinity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unable to tolerate wide ranges of temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| Able to tolerate wide varieties of salinity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Able to tolerate a wide range of temperature. |
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