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Definition
| The smallest component of an element, comprisingneutrons, protons, and electrons |
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| the center of the atom consisting of positively charged particles called protons and neutrally charged particles called neutrons |
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Definition
| Negatively charged particles, which orbit the nucleus in discrete electron shells |
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| Electrically stable atoms |
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Definition
| Have the same number of electrons as protons |
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| are atoms with either more or less electrons than protons and are therefore electrically charged |
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| are atoms containing the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons and there fore have different weights. |
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| are chemically-combined compounds formed by two or more atoms |
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Definition
| vibrate more rapidly, move farther apart, and are free to move relative to each other |
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| are highly energetic, move far apart, and are largely independent |
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Definition
| the transition from liquid to gas |
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| the transition from gas to liquid |
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| what do atoms do when temp increases? |
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Definition
| move farther apart and density decreases because there is less mass (fewer atoms) in the same volume |
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Definition
| Asymmetrical in shape. With two hydrogen molecules at one end. |
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| Water reaches maximum density at? |
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Definition
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Definition
| a weak chemical bond that forms between dipolar molecules such as water molecules, and that greatly influences the physical and cheical properties of the substance |
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Definition
| a chemical bond created by electrical attration of anions and cations |
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Term
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Definition
| a negatively charged ion such as Chloride CL- |
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Definition
| A positively charged ion, such as K+ potassim |
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Definition
| The process of water surrounding an Ion |
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Definition
| the material doing the dissolving- and in seawater it is the water |
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Definition
| The material being dissolved |
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Definition
| the total amound of salts dissolved in the water |
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Term
| average salinity of ocean? |
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Definition
| 35 0/00 (35 parts per thousand) |
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Term
| what are the 5 elements that make up 99% of the salt Ions in the sea? |
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Definition
| Sodium, chlorine, sulfate, magnesium, calcium and Potassium |
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| What are the 3 major nutrietns in the sea composed of? |
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Definition
| Nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon |
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| What are the 3 Major gases of the sea? |
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Definition
| Nitrogen, oxygen and Carbon Dioxide |
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Term
| What are the 3 noble gases? |
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Definition
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| Salinity is equal to 1.8065 X chlorinity |
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Definition
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| Salinity in the ocean is in a stead state, why? |
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Definition
| because the amount of salt added to the ocean equals the amount removed |
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| adding salt increasingly lowers the freezing point, Why? |
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Definition
| because salt ions interfere with the formation of hexagonal structure of ice |
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Term
| Density of water increases as salinity... |
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Definition
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Term
| Surface temperatre stronly correlates with? |
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Definition
| Latitude- because insolation, the amound of sunlight striking th earth's surface, is directly related to latitude. |
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Definition
| a layer in which water temperature and density change rapidly. |
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Definition
| a zone in the water column where the vertical change of salinity is relatively sharp |
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Definition
| a zone having a marked change in water density as a function of water depth |
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| Density of Seawater is a function of? |
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Definition
| Temperature, salinity and pressure |
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Definition
| the average amount of time that an element remains dissolved ins eawater assuming steady state conditions. |
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Definition
| measure of the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by 1 degree C |
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Definition
| a molecule such as H2O that possesses a positively charged end and a negatively chared end |
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Term
| constant proportion of seawater |
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Definition
| the abundances of the major ions in seawater occur in constant proportion relative to one another |
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Definition
| Removal of salt from seawater, usually to make it drinkable |
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Definition
| the negative log of the hydrogen ion activity; a pH value of 7 denotes a neutral solution. lower than 7 is acidic and high is alkaline or basic. |
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Definition
| The net flow of water to the right of the wind in the N. Hemisphere and to the Left of the wind in the S. Hemisphere wich arises as a consequence of Coriolis deflection. |
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Term
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Definition
| an apparent force that arises because of the Earth's spin about its axis. Freely moving objects are deflected to the right of their direction of motion in the N. Hemisphere and o the left of their direction of motion in the S. Hemisphere |
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Definition
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Definition
| the slow, upward transport of water to the surface from depth |
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Definition
| a current controlled by a balance between a pressure-gradient force and the Coriolis effect |
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Definition
| Large eddies that have a core of warm water |
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Definition
| the circular or whirling flow of water generally found along the edge of the main current |
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Definition
| To move apart from a common source |
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Definition
| the meeting of two opposing currents of water or air |
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Definition
| a large water-circulation system of geostrophic currents rotating clockwise (n. hemisphere) or counter clockwise (s. Hemisphere) |
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Definition
| The classic "pipeline" breaker whereby the crest of the wave crls forward and collapses on itself |
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Definition
| A wave that breaks bby having its crest spill down its face as it progresses through the surf zone |
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Definition
| breakers taht do not break entirely against the shore and are reflected back offshore |
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Definition
| the section of the coastal zone between the shoreline and the breaker zone |
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| Long-period water wave produced by tectonic effects such as earthquakes, volcanism, or slumping; sometimes called a seismic sea wave |
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Definition
| the periodic rise and fall of the earth's water surface as a consequence of the gravitational attraction of the moon and the sun |
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Definition
| occurrence of one high and one low tide dring one lunar day |
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Definition
| a tide with two unequal high waters and two unequal low waters each day |
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Definition
| the minimum range of tide in an area; it occurs when the moon is in its first and third quarters |
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Definition
| a tide characterized by two equal high waters and two equal low waters during a lunar day. |
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| the maximum range of tide in an area; occurs twice a month when the moon is new or full. |
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Definition
| the pattern described by tidal currents in the open ocean whereby the current flow shifts direction by 360 degrees during one complete tidal period |
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