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| parallels run east to west measure north or south of the equator |
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| Meridian runs north-south measure distanceeast or wet of the prime meridian through Greenwich england |
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| 60 seconds in a munute 60 miutes in a degree |
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| Contour intervals, charts of the ocean showing elevation below sea level and these depths contours are called isobaths |
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One Mile at sea
1.1505 miles or 1852 km
1 knot is 1 nautical mile per hour |
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Earths cool rigid outer layer
Makes up continental and oceanic cruse |
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Term
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Definition
| Hot partially melted slowly flowing layer of upper mantle below the lithosphere |
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Term
| Convergent plate boundary |
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Definition
| Regions of vioelent gological activity where plates are pushing together |
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| A line along which 2 plates are moving apart and at which oceanic crust is forming |
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| lithosphereic plates shear laterally past one another |
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| One of the surface expression of plumes of magma rishing relativel stationary sources of heat in the mantle causes volcanoes |
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| volcanic projections that do not rise above the surface of the sea |
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Definition
continental margins near the edges of converging plates
high earthquake and volcanic activity |
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Definition
Continental margins facing the edges of diverging plates
Relatively little earthquakes or volcanic activity |
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| ridges that are formed from diverging plate boundaries |
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| the rugged topography resulting from deformation of the seafloor along transform faults is carried away with the spreading plates and forms inactive extensions of transforms faults(this) form long gases on sea floors |
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Definition
| converging plate boundaries where more dense crust gets subducted under the other |
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Definition
| whats formed from a subduction zone (parallel to zone of collision |
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Term
| Youngest and oldest sea floor |
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Definition
| youngest is found at diverging plate boundaries |
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Term
| Factors that affect wind wave development |
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Definition
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| cold nutrient rich water comes up to the surface and warm water gets blown off shore |
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| wind blowing parallel to hte shore or off the shore can cause coastal upwelling which is adjacent upwelling to a coast. The riction of windblowing across the ocean surface causes water to being moving. The nutrient rich water helps increase biological productivity |
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Term
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| When weinds that normally blow west blow east during el nino year, this keeps the warm nutrient poor water on shore and that changes the rain patterns and areas that are normally dry get rain and areas that are normally wet become dry |
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| Thermocline in the Pacific- In the waters are warmer on the western pacific because the water gets blown to the eastern pacific and it blows it gets cooler |
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| Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degrees C. (calories/gram) degrees C |
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Definition
| Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degrees C. (calories/gram) degrees C |
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Term
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Definition
80 calories / per g
the amount of heat energy it takes to convert solid to liquid water |
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Term
| Latent heat of vaporization |
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Definition
540 cal/g
The amount of heat energy it takes to convert liquid to gas |
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Term
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Definition
constantly changing in response to transport sediment by waves and tides so changes with seasons
- constructed by stretching a string horizontally from the ocean to the sea cliff and measure below string |
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Term
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Definition
Constantly changing in response to transport sediment by waves and tides, so changes with seasons
-constructed by stretching a string horizontally from the ocean to the sea cliff and measure below string |
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Term
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Definition
backshore- where water doesnt usually go
foreshore- where water sometimes goes
offshore- always converted by water
high tide/ low tide
longshore bar/ longshore through/ low tide terrace |
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Definition
| Longshore currents- current that comes from longshore, hits beach at an angle |
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| erosion of sediments from cliff erosion and mountains and stuff |
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Term
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| is when ocean waves repeatedly run against cliffs causing them to reode (generated by storms, wind, or fast moving motor caft and take away from rocky sediments) |
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summer- has the most sand on the beach
winter- has the least sand on the beach
because sand forms on sand bars off shore |
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