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Definition
| Functions to assist in the linking of messenger RNA to the ribosome to facilitate protein synthesis. |
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| a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth. |
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| a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores. |
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Definition
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the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.
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Definition
| The DNA inside the nucleus is organized into chromosomes. At the most basic level, a chromosome is a molecule of DNA that is tightly coiled around proteins called histones. Eukaryotic cells have multiple chromosomes that are linear in shape. |
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Definition
| The total amount of genetic material (DNA) contained within the chromosomes of a human being |
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Definition
| basic life processes as protein and lipid (fat) synthesis, cell division and replication, respiration, metabolism, and ion transport as well as providing structural support for tissues, protecting the body against disease or injury, and serving as selective barriers |
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Definition
| A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell. A chromosome is made up of proteins and DNA organized into genes. Each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. |
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Definition
| Compounds called pyrimidines |
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Definition
| Moderate or control the cell's various physiologic activities |
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Definition
| A five-carbon sugar molecule |
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Term
| Linear Energy Transfer (LET) |
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Definition
| The average energy deposited per unit length of track |
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Definition
| Chemical unions created between atoms by the single sharing of one or more pairs of electrons |
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| Hypothesis that when a vital macromolecule such as DNA is directly or indirectly inactivated by exposure to radiation, the cell will die |
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Term
| Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) |
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Definition
| Describes the comparative capabilities of radiation with differing LETs to produce a particular biologic reaction |
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Term
| Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau |
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Definition
| The radiosensitivity of cells is directly proportional to their reproductive activity and inversely proportional to their degree of differentiation |
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Term
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Definition
| OH* + OH* =H2O2, a substance that is very poisonous to the cell |
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Definition
| Result if ionizing radiation interacts with a DNA macromolecule and the transferred energy could ruptures one of its chemical bonds and possibly sever one of the sugar-phosphate chain side rails, or strands of the ladder-like molecular stucture |
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Definition
| The primary energy source for the cell |
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