Term
| fusiform or saccular dilations that extend to pleural surface; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bilateral basilar infiltration occurs post-ABPA; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| female pt complains of pain and wheezing; physical examination shows nasal polyps; what is the cause of her asthma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| early vs. late phase pathogenesis in extrinsic asthma |
|
Definition
| early: minutes, vagal bronchoconstriction, increase mucus, vascular permeability, and vasodilation // late: 48h, eosinophilic infiltrate (eotaxin), epithelial damage and bronchoconstriction via major basic protein |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of airway remodeling |
|
Definition
| thickened basement membrane, hypertrophy of smooth m., submucosal glands, and goblet cells; edema, and inflammatory infiltrate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
IL-4-->IgE
IL-5-->eosinophils
IL-13-->eosinophils and IgE |
|
|
Term
| eosinophilic granule degradation products found in asthmatic's sputum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| causes of death in chronic bronchitis |
|
Definition
| acute respiratory infection, metabolic acidosis and coma, RHF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| severe fibrosis in chronic bronchiolitis that causes V/Q mismatch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measure of submucosal gland hypertrophy; ratio of submucosal gland depth/total depth; >0.4 indicates hypertrophy |
|
|
Term
| simple vs. obstructive chronic bronchitis |
|
Definition
| simple does not have obstructive disease and has normal or near normal PFTs |
|
|
Term
| pt is sitting forward, hunched over, and breathing with pursed lips; CXR shows a rib fracture and punctured lung; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| risk factors for compensatory emphysema |
|
Definition
| respirator, surgery, intubation |
|
|
Term
| causes of death in emphysema |
|
Definition
| metabolic acidosis and coma, RHF, pneumothorax |
|
|
Term
| compensatory changes in emphysema |
|
Definition
| polycythemia, RV hypertrophy |
|
|
Term
| how does RV, TLC, and VC change in emphysema? |
|
Definition
| RV and TLC increase; VC decreases |
|
|
Term
| enlargement of alveoli only, near pleura; dx? |
|
Definition
| paraseptal/distal acinar emphysema |
|
|
Term
| enlargement of alveoli then respiratory bronchioles; near lower lung lobes; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| enlargement of respiratory bronchioles then alveoli; near upper lung lobes; dx? |
|
Definition
| centrilobular/centriacinar emphysema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| panacinar emphysema; alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. chest tightness worse at night and in morning; dx?
2. severe, persistent cough that is paroxysmal in the morning; dx? |
|
Definition
1. asthma
2. bronchiectasis |
|
|
Term
| what do you expect to see on biopsy of a chronic bronchitis pt? |
|
Definition
| squamous cell metaplasia, hypertrophy of goblet cells and submucosa, mucus plugs |
|
|
Term
| most common in distal acinar emphysema but can occur in any type of severe emphysema; air spaces are >1cm and located subpleural; may form pneumothorax; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| obstruction overinflation |
|
Definition
| overinflation due to obstruction with no parenchymal damage; caused by foreign body or congenital bronchial cartilage defect |
|
|
