Term
| Where does fertilization occur |
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Definition
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Term
| After fertilization what is the ovum(oocyte) called |
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Definition
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Term
| After a few days of rapid cell division, the ball of cells is called |
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Definition
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Term
| The morula has cell differentiation between the inner cells and the outer cells, what are these layers called |
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Definition
| Blastocyst (inner cells), and trophoblast (outer cells) |
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Term
| Whats the function of the trophoblast cells |
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Definition
| they attach to the endometrium lining of the uterus, and they go on to make various life support systems for the embryo(placenta, amniotic sac, umbilical cord) |
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Term
| What does the Blastocyst cells do |
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Definition
| These cells form the embryo itself |
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Term
| Which structures provide nutrients for the developing embryo |
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Definition
| placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic sac. |
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Term
| How long do the trophoblast cells continue to develop the placenta |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the five functions of the placenta |
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Definition
| Transfer of gases, transport of nutrients, excretion of wastes, hormone production, and formation of a barrier. |
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Term
| At what month does the placenta secrete its own hormones, and which hormones are they |
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Definition
| By the third month, and it produces estrogen, and progesterone, these hormones are produced to maintain the uterine lining, prevent the occurrence of menses, and stimulate changes in the women's breast, vagina, cervix, and pelvis |
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Term
| The placenta barrier blocks some harmful substances, what medications easily cross the placental barrier |
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Definition
| steroids, narcotics, anesthetics, and some antibiotics. |
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Term
| What is the umbilical cord consist of |
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Definition
| Two arteries, and one vein |
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Term
| Explain the blow flow in the two arteries in the umbilical cord |
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Definition
| The arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta |
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Term
| Explain the blow flow in the vein of the umbilical |
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Definition
| The vein carries oxygenated blood to the fetus from the placenta |
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Term
| What structures are unique to fetus circulation |
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Definition
| ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus, and the foramen ovale. |
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Term
| What is the ductus arteriosus, and its function |
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Definition
| Its an opening between the pulmonary artery, and the aorta, the blood coming from the right ventricle goes through the ductus arteriosus into the aortic arch after the carotid arteries, to prevent deoxygenated blood going to the developing brain |
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Term
| What is the ductus venosus, and its function. |
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Definition
| Its a continuation of the umbilical cord, and empties directly into the vena cava. It serves as a shunt to allow most of the blood returning from the placenta to bypass the liver. |
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Term
| What is the foramen ovale, and its function |
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Definition
| Its an opening on the right atria for blood to bypass the right ventricle, and go directly into the left atria,for systemic circulation. |
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Term
| What is the amniotic fluid consist of |
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Definition
| fetal urine, secretions from the respiratory tract, skin, and amniotic membranes. |
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Term
| On average how much amniotic fluid is produced by 5 weeks, and how much at birth |
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Definition
| 175-225 mL at 5 weeks, and about 1 L at birth |
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Term
| What is an ovarian follicle |
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Definition
| it is an oocytes surrounded by granulosa cells. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the fallopian tubes |
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Definition
| To carry the ovum to the uterus |
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Term
| What is a developing ovum called |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is the developing baby called a embryo |
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Definition
| for the first eight weeks |
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Term
| When is the embryo called a fetus |
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Definition
| after eight weeks and up until birth |
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Term
| Where does fertilization occur |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The period in which the fetus develops and grows in the uterus. Usually lasts 40 weeks |
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Term
| When does conception usually occur |
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Definition
| 14 days after the first day of the last menstrual period |
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Term
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Definition
| The infant's loss of the placental connection with the mother, also the baby losses metabolic support. |
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Term
| How much negative pressure is needed by the newborn to open its alveoli |
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Definition
| More than 25mmHg, most newborns create as much as 50mmHg. |
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Term
| What happen physiologically to the newborn's heart after birth |
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Definition
| Pressure on the right side of the the heart decreases due to reduced resistance in the pulmonary arteries, and vascular resistance is increase systemically, causing the pressure on the left side to increase, closing the shunts needed during gestation |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the number of all the woman's current and past pregnancies |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the number of pregnancies that have resulted in live birth |
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Term
| What lunar month is the infant's sex determined |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What lunar month if born the infant cries, and breaths, but often results in death |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the pH level in the vagina during pregnancy |
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Definition
| The pH decreases to about 3.5 becoming acidic, to keep the vagina free from pathogens. |
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Term
| What kind of ECG and cardiovascular changes could you see with a pregnant pt |
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Definition
| On the ECG you may see flat or negative T waves in lead 3, Cardiac output increases by 30%(by the 34th week), the rate may increase by 15-20 beats/min(by third trimester) |
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Term
| What changes would you see with a pregnant pt's respiratory system |
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Definition
| The tidal and minute ventilation increase by 30-40% in late pregnancy, |
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Term
| The increase in estrogen and progesterone causes the fibrinogen levels to increase by how much |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The uterus is above the symphysis pubis at how many weeks |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Where is the uterus palpable at 24 weeks |
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Definition
| Its at the level of the umbilicus |
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Term
| When can fetal heart sounds be heard |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal range for fetal heart rate |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the greatest risk of fetal death |
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Definition
| From fetal distress, and intrauterine demise caused by trauma to the mother or death |
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Term
| What are some causes of cardiac arrest with pregnant pts |
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Definition
| (Time of delivery)amniotic fluid embolism, drug toxicity, eclampsia (physiological assoc. w/ pregnancy)Aortic dissection, congestive caridomyopathy, PE |
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Term
| Whats important to remember with pregnant pts when thinking about O2 saturation |
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Definition
| Requirements are 10-20% greater than a nonpregnant pt |
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Term
| Should you use vasopressors if the pt is pregnant |
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Definition
| It not recommended, because it will decrease uterine blow flow and fetal O2 delivery |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| The cause is unknown, and it mainly affects previously healthy normotensive women in their first pregnancy. |
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|
Term
| When does preeclampsia occur |
|
Definition
| It usually occurs after 24 weeks gestation, often near term, and will not reverse until after delivery. |
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Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia |
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Definition
| Hypoperfusion to the tissue or organs involved. (cerebrum)headache, dizziness, confusion, seizures, coma (GI system)nausea, vomiting (placenta)abruptio placentae, fetal distress |
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Term
| What is the criteria for preeclampsia |
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Definition
| presence of the classic triad Hypertension, proteinuria, excessive weight gain with edema |
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Term
| How do you manage seizures from eclampsia |
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Definition
| place pt in left lateral recumbent, handle pt gently, minimize sensory stimulation, High flow O2, IV, be ready for another seizure and to administer mag sulfate 10% |
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Term
| How is gestional diabetes mellitus caused |
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Definition
| Its caused by pregnancy, and occurs in about 4% of all pregnancies |
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|
Term
| What happens with gestioinal diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| The mother's body is unable to produce or use all the insulin it needs during the pregnancy, excessive amounts of glucose is transmitted to the fetus and is stored as fat |
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Term
| What is the treatment for pt with GMD |
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Definition
| regular glucose monitoring, exercise, diet modification, and sometimes insulin injections |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| It is the termination of pregnancy from any cause before 20 weeks |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Any termination of pregnancy after 20 weeks gestation |
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|
Term
| How many classes are there of abortion |
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Definition
| 8 types, complete, criminal, incomplete, induced, missed, spontaneous, therapeutic, and threatened |
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|
Term
| Define what a miscarriage is |
|
Definition
| it is a spontaneous abortion |
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|
Term
| What is abruoptio placentae |
|
Definition
| It is a partial or full detachment of a normally implanted placenta at more than 20 weeks |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| IT is placental implantation in the lower uterine segment partially or completely covering the cervical opening |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| It is a spontaneous or traumatic rupture of the uterine wall. |
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Term
| What is Braxton-Hicks contractions |
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Definition
| The irregular tightening of the pregnant uterus, usually begins in the first trimester, and usually painless. As pregnancy continues the contractions increase in frequency |
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Term
|
Definition
| It begins when the infant descends into the birth canal |
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|
Term
| What are the stages of labor |
|
Definition
| Stage 1(Dilation), Stage 2(Expulsion), Stage 3(Placenta delivery) |
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|
Term
| What happens in stage 1(Dilation) |
|
Definition
| Regular contractions, complete cervical dilation., average time 12. hrs primipara, 7hrs multipara |
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|
Term
| What happens in stage 2(Expulsion) |
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Definition
| Full dilation of cervix to delivery of the newborn, average time 80min in primipara, 30min multipara |
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|
Term
| What happens in stage 3(placenta delivery) |
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Definition
| Immediately after delivery of the infant, 5-20min |
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|
Term
| What does Apgar stand for |
|
Definition
| Appearance(color), pulse(HR), grimace(reflex irritability),activity(muscle tone), and respiratory effort |
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|
Term
| Whats an Apgar score of 10 |
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Definition
| The best possible condition |
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|
Term
| Whats an Apgar score of 8 |
|
Definition
| The infant is slightly depressed |
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|
Term
| Whats an Apgar score of 4-6 |
|
Definition
| The infant is moderately depressed |
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|
Term
| Define postpartum hemorrhage |
|
Definition
| It is characterized by more than 500mL of blood loss after the delivery |
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|
Term
| What is cephalopelvic disproportion |
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Definition
| Its a condition in which the newborn's head is too large or the mother's birth canal is too small. This requires a c-section |
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|
Term
| Explain a breech presentation |
|
Definition
| The largest part of the fetus(the head) is delivered last. |
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|
Term
| What are the different categories of breech presentations |
|
Definition
| Front or frank, Complete, and incomplete |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| When the infant's buttocks are presenting, with the infant's legs extended in front |
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|
Term
| What is a complete breech |
|
Definition
| The infant's buttocks are presenting, with the infant's knee and hips flexed |
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|
Term
| What is incomplete breech |
|
Definition
| The infant has one or both hips incompletely flexed, resulting in one or both legs/foot presenting |
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|
Term
| What is shoulder dystocia |
|
Definition
| The fetal shoulders are wedged against the maternal symphysis pubis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| When an infant is born before 37 weeks gestation |
|
|
Term
| Define what uterine inversion is |
|
Definition
| Can occur suddenly after a contraction, its when the top of the uterus presents through the cervix |
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