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| one of a set of genes that control a particular trait |
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| exists in or near water; two major types: saltwater and freshwater |
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| carry blood away from the heart |
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| refers to the actions or reactions of an organism |
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| when an organism splits into two organisms |
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| the variety of life in an ecosystem |
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| organic waste and matter from dead plants and animals that can be used as a source of energy |
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| a place that has the same climate, plant life, and animal life over a vast area |
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| a fluid that is carried by the circulatory system |
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| the force that blood exerts against the walls of blood vessels |
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| fill the spongy bone inside the hard, or compact bone, make blood cells |
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| is the control center of the nervous system, made up of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla |
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| connect veins to arteries |
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| involuntary muscles in the heart |
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| consumers that get their energy from eating only other consumers |
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| a softer and more flexible than bone but also gives support |
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| surrounds the cell and holds it together |
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| the stiff covering over the cell membrane in plant cells |
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| the basic units of life containing organelles that perform specific functions |
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| in both plant and animal cell, is the process by which cells changes stored glucose into energy for life’s function |
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| the process that chemically changes food into molecules called nutrients so that it can be transported around the body |
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| a green material in plant cells that traps the energy in sunlight |
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| in plants, organelles that contain the green pigments chlorophyll, which gathers energy from the sun |
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| a system that function in transporting materials around the body |
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| a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits, the other is unaffected |
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| a process in which organic wastes, such as food and yard wastes, decompose naturally |
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| trees that have cones and thin, needle-shaped leaves that stay green throughout the year |
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| an organism that gets its energy from eating other organisms |
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| form in the warm, shallow waters off continents; a living organism consisting of both animal and algae tissues |
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| organism that feed on and break down dead plant or animal matter; break down waste from other organisms and decompose dead animal and plant matter into nutrients that can be used by producers |
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| dry biomes with little plant life because soils are poor |
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| made organs that function in breaking food down into usable forms |
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| a long, tightly coiled molecules in the nucleus, bundled in to chromosomes |
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| allele is expressed or visible in the organism |
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| a gradual or natural change in an ecosystem over hundreds or thousands of years |
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| pituitary gland, adrenal, thyroid, pancreas, ovaries, testes |
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| a system made of glands that secrete hormones to help control and coordinate activities in the body |
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| packages proteins, used for transportation in the cell |
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| shows how the available energy source for consumers decreases at each level of a food chain; only 10% of the energy in a lower level can be used as energy by the next higher level |
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| chemicals that speed up chemical reactions |
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| a stable, balanced condition with a system |
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| areas where freshwater streams or rivers merge with the ocean |
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| made of organs that function in eliminating liquid and gaseous waste from the body |
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| a process that is controlled by receptors that can stop or start an action |
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| a model that describes the way chemical energy passes from one organism to another; producers form the first link in the food chain |
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| shows many different interactions among plants and animals; many food chains connected together |
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| includes lakes and ponds, rivers and streams, and wetlands |
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| section of chromosomes that carry the information for a singe trait |
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| an individual’s inherited combination of alleles |
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| process and moves proteins around the cell |
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| a biome that is fairly dry, but has fertile soil that supports grasses and flowering plants |
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| the external environment on which organisms depends for their survival |
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| a muscle that pumps bloods through the body |
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| consumers that get their energy from eating only plants |
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| the way in which traits are passed from parent to offspring |
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| two alleles for a trait are different, hybrid, Tt, Ss, Rr |
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| the maintenance of a stable internal environment within an organism |
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| two alleles for a trait are the same, purebred, TT, SS, rr |
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| chemical messengers for regulating body function, that are secreted by endocrine glands directly into the bloodstream |
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| the body’s system of defense against pathogens |
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| the alleles that are neither dominant nor recessive |
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| characteristics that are received from the genes of the organisms parents |
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| an inherited behavior that is influenced by genes and does not depend on learning |
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| an innate complex pattern of behavior, often in response to a specific stimulus |
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| made up of skin, hair, and nails, protects the body and regulates body temperature |
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| the near-shore area between areas of high and low tide |
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| a place where two or more bones meet |
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| a behavior that is acquired through experience |
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| factors that can limit the growth of a population; ex. sunlight, oxygen, water, temperature, biotic factors, human activities |
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| a liquid that leaks out of capillaries and surrounds body tissues and cells |
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| masses of tissue along lymph vessels that filter the lymph and destroy bacteria |
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| a system of vessels that move excess lymph |
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| traps and digest waste material and foreign objects |
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| saltwater; regions range from the open ocean to near-shore areas |
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| the breaking down of food into smaller pieces by chewing and be the movements of the stomach |
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| the process of cell division when the daughter cells (egg and sperm) with half the number of chromosomes |
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| powerhouse of the cell, breaks sugars down into energy |
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| the process of cell division when the daughter cells have exactly the came number of chromosomes as the parent cells |
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| organisms are made of many cells |
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| made up of three different types of muscles |
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| a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit |
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| consists of the water over the continental shelf |
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| the body’s control systems and is composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves |
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| controls cell activities, contains DNA |
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| chemical substances found in foods needed for growth, energy, and carrying out life processes |
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| consumers that get their energy from eating both plants and other consumers |
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| a group of tissues working together to perform a function |
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| a group of organs working together to perform a function |
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| occurs when too many organisms move into an ecosystem, stressing the ecosystem’s abiotic and biotic results, as well as the quality of life |
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| a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits, the other is harmed |
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| disease causing organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi |
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| an individual’s inherited appearance |
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| the process by which organisms produce their own food using the sun’s radiant energy, and water and carbon dioxide from the environment; sugar and oxygen are made during photosynthesis; sun’s radiant energy is transferred into chemical energy stored as sugar |
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| the process by which plant cells take in carbon dioxide and water, then use the suns energy to convert it into glucose, releasing oxygen |
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| eats only producers; they are herbivores |
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| takes place where organisms were not previously present |
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| an organism that makes its own food using radiant energy from the sun |
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| a graphic organizer used to predict the possible results of a genetic cross |
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| energy given off by the sun in the form of waves; the main source of energy for living organisms on Earth |
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| allele is not expressed when paired with a dominant trait |
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| the processes by which living things produce offspring |
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| responsible for the production of offspring |
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| functions to transport oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out |
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| joins together amino acids to make proteins, which are used to build and repair cells |
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| bodies of flowing water moving in one direction |
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| a process that occurs when an existing ecosystem is disturbed by events such as floods, fires, or changes in climate |
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| voluntary muscles that you can control them when you move |
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| systems made up of bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons |
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| involuntary muscles in the lining of your digestive tract and blood vessels |
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| a tendency among animals to live together |
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| maintain their balance because they have a great deal of biodiversity |
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| a close interaction between organisms |
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| a group of independent parts working together |
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| a coniferous forest biome found at higher latitudes than temperate forests; colder and receive a lot of rain and snow |
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| Temperate Deciduous Forests |
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| forests that receive less rain than tropical rain forests; warm in the summer and cold in the winter |
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| connects bones to muscles |
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| a group of cells working together to perform a function |
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| a biome that has consistently high temperatures and a lot of rain which allows thick, tall forests to grow, along with the world’s greatest diversity of plants and animals |
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| an instinctive behavior in which an organism turns toward or away |
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| found at polar latitudes; very cold with little rainfall |
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| organisms are made of only one cell |
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| vacuoles store water and other materials |
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| areas of shallow, standing water, such as marshes, swamps, and blogs; have the greatest diversity of all aquatic ecosystems |
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