Term
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Definition
| permit exchange of oxygenated maternal blood & deoxygenated fetal blood |
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Term
| 7th-8th week of gestation |
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Definition
| u/s can determine approximate location & position of placenta by end of first trimester |
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Term
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Definition
| chorion frondosum (chorionic plate) |
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Term
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Definition
| decidua balasis (endometrial surface) |
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Term
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Definition
| main functioning unit of placenta |
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Term
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Definition
| cell change into glycogen & lipids, occurs in respons to estrogen & progesterone |
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Term
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Definition
| mother's blood to placenta |
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Term
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Definition
| chorion, amnion, yolk sac, allantois |
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Term
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Definition
| respiration, nutrition, excretion, protection, storage, hormonal production |
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Term
| the fetal placenta is anchored to the maternal placenta by |
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Definition
| cytotrophoblast shell and anchoring villi |
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Term
| The fetal tissue that seperates maternal and fetal blood |
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Definition
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Term
| the main three activities of the placenta |
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Definition
| metabolism, endocrine secretion, transfer |
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Term
| the cord is usually attached where on the placenta |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| insertion at margins of placenta |
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Term
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Definition
| membranous insertion of cord before it enters placenta |
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Term
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Definition
| provides nutrients to embryo while placenta forms, diminishes in size by week 9 |
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Term
| yolk sac is connected to.. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| placenta implanted low in uterus |
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Term
| chorion origiates from where? |
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Definition
| tropoblastic cell and remains with trophoblast throughout pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| embryo growth and folds ventrally with juction of amnion reduced to small area on ventral surface |
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Term
| amnion fuses with chorion by week? |
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Definition
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Term
| polyhydramnios or prior amniocentesis |
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Definition
| seperation of chorion and amnion beyond 16 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| inner layer of central core with abundant capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| outer layer of central core with abundant capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| syncytiotrophoblast produce |
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Definition
| protein hormones hCG, hPL, estrogent, progesterone |
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Term
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Definition
| maintain corpus luteum in ealy pregnancy |
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Term
| progesterone production is |
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Definition
| exclusively maternal-placental ineraction |
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Term
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Definition
| maternal, placental and fetal contributions |
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Term
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Definition
| promotion of lipolysis and anti-insulin for fetal nutrients |
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Term
| chorionic plate area of placenta |
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Definition
| fetal surface, portion closest to amniotic cavity |
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Term
| basal plate area of placenta |
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Definition
| maternal portion, junction of myometrium |
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Term
| placenta substance area of placenta |
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Definition
| homogeneous pebble gray apperance during first part of pregnancy (thickness of placenta) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| associated with Rh sensitizaion, diabetes, or congenital anomalies |
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Term
| what should not be confused for placental pathology? |
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Definition
| Braxton-Hicks contractions |
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Term
| thickness of placenta should correspond to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| risk factors of placenta previa |
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Definition
| multiparity, advancing maternal age, previous c-sections, smoking |
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Term
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Definition
| spotting 1st & 2nd trimester, mild cramping, painless vaginal bleeding in 3rd trimester |
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Term
| why is placenta revia pregnancy a high risk? |
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Definition
| baby can not be born through placenta |
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Term
| normal cervical length range |
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Definition
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Term
| when two grades of placental grading are present, which grade should be assigned? |
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Definition
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Term
| what percentage of placentas reach grade 3? |
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Definition
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Term
| normal term placenta characteristics |
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Definition
| 15-20cm in diameter, discoid shape, weighs 600gm, <4cm in thickness |
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Term
| essential link for oxygen and nutrients between fetus, placenta, and mother |
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Definition
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Term
| to visualize internal os, patient needs to have what? |
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Definition
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Term
| at what week does umbilical cord form |
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Definition
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Term
| normal intestinal herniation into umbilical cord at what week of pregnancy? |
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Definition
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Term
| intestinal herniation of umbilical cord resumes back into abdomin at what week of pregnacny |
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Definition
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Term
| umbilical cord is covered by |
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Definition
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Term
| umbilical cord surrounded by |
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Definition
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Term
| the left umbilical vein enters umbilicus and joins what |
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Definition
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Term
| umbilical vein increases or decreases throughout pregnancy and what is maximum diameter |
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Definition
| increases, .9cm by 30 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| lies between left lobe and caudate lobe of liver and becomes ligament venosum after birth |
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Term
| umbilical arteries run where in body? |
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Definition
| lateral to fetal bladder to iliac arteries and becomes superior vesicle ateries after birth to suppy blood to bladder |
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Term
| from the left portal vein, the umbilical blood flows the.. |
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Definition
| ductus venosus to IVC or hepatics by-passing the liver or through the right portal sinus to right portal vein |
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Term
| the ductus venosus forms the conduit between what? |
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Definition
| portal system and systemic veins |
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Term
| in the postpartum stage, the umbilical ateries becomes what? |
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Definition
| superior vesical arteries |
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Term
| what is the vital role of the amniotic fluid? |
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Definition
| fetal growth, movement, maintain intrauterine temperature, protecting |
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Term
| amniotic fluid is produced by what? |
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Definition
| umbilical cord and membranes, lungs, skin, kidneys |
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Term
| the portion of chorion site at which water is exchanged freely between fetal blood and amniotic fluid across the amnion. |
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Definition
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Term
| fetal production of urine and ability to swallow begins |
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Definition
| between 8-11 weeks gestation |
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Term
| fetal urination into the amniotic sac accounts for how much of the amniotic fluid volume |
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Definition
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Term
| amniotic fluid is directly related to |
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Definition
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Term
| normal lung development is critically dependent on what |
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Definition
| exchange of amniotic fluid within lungs |
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Term
| inadequate lung development may occur when what is present |
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Definition
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Term
| normal amniotic fluid index (AFI) |
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Definition
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Term
| other conditions associated with polyhydramnios |
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Definition
| maternal diabetes, fetal macrosomia, Rh isoimmunization |
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Term
| increased AF volume causes |
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Definition
| pain, compressed organs, hydronephrosis, postpartum hemorrhage |
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Term
| mild polyhydramnios volum |
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Definition
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Term
| moderate polyhydramnios volume |
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Definition
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Term
| severe polyhydramnios volume |
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Definition
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Term
| olygohydramnios AFI volume |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| amniotic (fibrous) bands that entangle or amputate fetal parts |
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Term
| amniotic band syndrome is due to |
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Definition
| the rupture of amnionic membrane |
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Term
| theory for formation of amniotic bands |
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Definition
| Torpin-amniotic fluid and fetus exit through space between amnion and chorion |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by uterine scars (synechiae) |
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Term
|
Definition
| formation of neural plate, neural folds and fusion & closure as neural tube |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| which part of the neural plate fuses first |
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Definition
| midportion with cephalic at 24 days, caudal at 26 days |
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Term
| neural functiion begins at how many weeks |
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Definition
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Term
| what measurement is useful in diagnosing hypo/hypertelorism |
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Definition
| outside orbital dimension |
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Term
| what is associated with nuchal fold measurement >6mm |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the major reason why fetuses younger than 24 weeks are considered nonviable |
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Definition
| pulmonary immaturity (lung development) |
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Term
| heart circumference is how much of thoracic cavity |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the formula for predicting pulmonary hypoplasia |
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Definition
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|
Term
| TA/AC ratio - normal 0.94 (+/- 0.05) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| u/s cannot assess what in a fetus |
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Definition
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|
Term
| umbilical hernia of bowel as midgut extends outside of fetus, at what week should this hernia return to abdominal cavity and not be visualized on u/s |
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Definition
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Term
| a birth defect in which the infant's intestine or other abdominal organs stick out of the belly button (navel). |
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Definition
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Term
| a birth defect in which an infant's intestines stick out of the body through a defect on one side of the umbilical cord usually the right side |
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Definition
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Term
| forms during the fourth week of gestation as the dorsal part of the yolk sac and is incorporated into the embryo during folding. |
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Definition
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Term
| when is the sex of the fetus |
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Definition
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Term
| most anomalies of fetal skeleton are a result of what |
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Definition
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|
Term
| majority of musculoskeletal system for from what |
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Definition
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|
Term
| normal amniotic fluid index volume |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what determines fetal well-being |
|
Definition
| biophysical profile (BPP) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| predict and manage fetal hypoxia |
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Term
|
Definition
| low oxygen levels in fetus commonly caused by diminished placental perfusion or umbilical cord compression |
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Term
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Definition
| performed one minute after birth to assess physical condition of infant |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of difficulty in forcing blood through vessels into tissue |
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Term
| the umbilical artery systolic/diastolic ratio should be what |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the uterine artery systolic/diastolic ratio should be |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| fraternal twins that arise from 2 seperate ova |
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Term
|
Definition
| identical twins that arise from a single ova |
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Term
|
Definition
| 2 chorions / 2 placenta 2 amnions |
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Term
|
Definition
| one chorion / one placenta 2 amnions |
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Term
| monochorionic / monoamniotic |
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Definition
| 1 chorion /1 placenta 1 amnion |
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|
Term
| most common place conjoined twins are connected |
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Definition
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