Term
| Phosphorus is the least necessary mineral in the body since ATP doesn't last very long in its initial energy state. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Goider is a deficiency disease of the thyroid caused by insufficient _______? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and mineral selenium act as antioxidants protecting against free radical damage. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Good sources of Vitamin C include all of the following foods except which one? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Without instrinsic factor, a substance made in the stomach, Vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed. T/F |
|
Definition
False
(B12 cannot be absorbed, D is from SUN not stomach) |
|
|
Term
| The chronic or lifestyle diseases, diabetes, corinary vascular disease and hypertension, all basically respond and improve through aerobic activity, eating fruits and vegetables, and reducing saturated fat intake. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vitamin E is found mostly in what kinds of foods? |
|
Definition
| Sunflower seeds and other nuts, wheat germ, plant oils (pg 382) |
|
|
Term
| Folic acid helps to prevent what kind of disorders? |
|
Definition
| Neural Tube Defects (spinabifida, snacepholy), lowers risk of heart disease and some cancers (pg 347-349) |
|
|
Term
| Niasin prevents a deficiency disease called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of the deficiency disease caused by niasin, are called the four D's and include which ones? |
|
Definition
| Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, DEATH (pg336) |
|
|
Term
| Obesity is a behavioral problem like smoking, and is not considered a chronic disease like diabetes. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Minerals, such as zinc, because they are cofactors for enzymes, can affect behavior and learning, assisting immune function, and be essential to growth, sperm production, and taste perception. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The theory that the body tries to maintain a certain weight by its own internal controls, is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Niasin can be made in the body under certain circumstances, from what starting nutrient? |
|
Definition
| Protein, Amino Acid, Tryptophan |
|
|
Term
| Among the following, the best sources of available beta carotene are which foods? |
|
Definition
| Dark orange fruits and vegetables (mangoes, apricots, cantaloupe, carrots, red peppers, pumpkins, and sweeet potatoes) as well as leafy greens |
|
|
Term
| During exercise, the optimal beverage for replacing fluids is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first symptom of dehydration is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Smoking causes physiological stress and lowers _____ levels of this vitamin in plasma. |
|
Definition
| Plasma (but also estrogen, blood, and HDI levels) |
|
|
Term
| Another name for ascorbic acid, is vitamin ____ ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vitamin D can be made in the body from what starting substance? |
|
Definition
| Ultraviolet light (Sunshine) |
|
|
Term
| The benefits of exercise include all of the following except which one? |
|
Definition
| It's good for health, heart, energy level, metabolism |
|
|
Term
| Calcium is widely involved in body processes, among the best known of them, are all but one of these functions. |
|
Definition
Has nothing to do with IRON levels, but it does:
Provide structure to bones and teeth, has regulatory roles, cell communicating, helpsregulate enzyme activity and is necessary in blood clotting, involved in transmitting chemical and electrical signals in nerves and muscles, |
|
|
Term
| Almost all of the calcium in the body is used to do what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Body sodium levels are largely regulated through what mechanism? |
|
Definition
| By adrenal glands through a hormone called aldosterone and tells the kidneys |
|
|
Term
| Heart failure related to potassium loss may occur in what situation? |
|
Definition
| If supplements are consumed in excess or kidney function is compromised |
|
|
Term
| The food source from which calcium is obtained in the highest concentration and most absorbable form is which one? |
|
Definition
| Milk (bioavailability of calcium decreases with the presence of tannins, fiber, phytates, and oxalates) |
|
|
Term
| The part of the body responsible for absorption of the major minerals is the ________ and belongs to the _______ system. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phitates and Oxylates enhance the absorption of iron and calcium from fibery foods. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Post menopausal women have a higher incidence of osteoporosis because of reduced levels of what compound? |
|
Definition
Estrogen and lower Vitamin D
(has to be activated by the kidney and C levels) |
|
|
Term
| The dash diet reduces hypertension dramatically by an eating lifestyle high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, reduced fat dairy products, lean fish, poultry, and meats. Results in studies were effective similar to drug therapy. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Iron functions in the body to do what? |
|
Definition
| Helps red blood cells deliver oxygen to the rest of the body, cell diffusion, energy production as a part of several proteins involved in the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain, iron containing proteins involved in the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain, iron containing proteins involved in drug metabolism and immune fucntion, enzyme catalysts, protects cells from oxidative damage by destroying hydrogen peroxide before it can form free radicals. |
|
|
Term
| Hemachromotosis is a genetic disorder that causes what? |
|
Definition
| Too much iron. Excess iron accumulates in tissues and organs disrupting their normal function |
|
|
Term
| The deficiency condition of insufficient Vitamin A in developing countries, may lead to which vision problem? |
|
Definition
| Xerophithalmia, keratomalacia |
|
|
Term
| The protein formed when Vitamin A binds in the retina of the eye is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vitamin A maintains epithelial tissue and affects gene expression. Which of the following body parts contain epithelial tissue? |
|
Definition
| External body surfaces and internal cavities and tubes (skin and linings of the eyes, intestines, lungs, vagina, and bladder) |
|
|
Term
| Which type of food contains the most Vitamin A? |
|
Definition
| Animal Foods (retinoids) - liver, fish, egg yolks, dairy products |
|
|
Term
| Vitamin C helps regenerate which other antioxidant vitamin. |
|
Definition
| Vitamin E and it also enhances iron absorption |
|
|
Term
| The mineral components of hydroxy appetite in bone include which ones? |
|
Definition
| Calcium, Magnesium, Fluorine, Phosphorus, Boron |
|
|
Term
| Bioavailability is what determines how much, if any, of a vitamin or mineral will be absorbed and utilized. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most vitamins function as ______, and most minerals function as ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Potassium deficiency may result in which of the following conditions? |
|
Definition
| Irregular heartbeat, fatigue, muscle cramps |
|
|
Term
| Evaporation of water through the skin and lungs and diarreal losses through the intestine are known as insesible losses. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Although oil is a source of Vitamin E, deep fat frying and cooking oil tends to destroy Vitamin E. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nuts and seeds are excellent sources of this vitamin and this mineral. |
|
Definition
| Panothenic acid, vitamin E, Phosphorus, magnesium, Selenium |
|
|
Term
| Enrichment and fortification are two ways of commercially adding back vitamins and minerals whose contents have been lost in food processing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phytochemicals are substances found in plants that plants make to protect themselves from the environment, these substances do what? |
|
Definition
| Lowers blood pressure and cholesterol, helps with weight loss, reduce the risks for many diseases |
|
|
Term
| Based on the class presentations on nutrition and cancer, the following foods have multiple anti cancer properties. |
|
Definition
| Soy, yogurt, tea and all superfoods |
|
|
Term
| Which of these foods above have been linked to cancer of the esophagus, stomach and colon from nitrates or nitrites? |
|
Definition
| Nitrates and Nitra (found in processed meats to give it a pink color) |
|
|
Term
| What are the potential benefits of the omega-3 fatty acids, which are naturally occuring in fatty fishes and flaxseed? |
|
Definition
| Anti-inflammatory, protects against heat disease |
|
|
Term
| Based on the class presentations, the most appropriate nutrition technique for autistic children may include |
|
Definition
| Excessive amounts of vitamin A and Lactose Free (casein) and Gluten Free diet because of possible allergies. |
|
|
Term
| Vegans who are complete vegetarians who do not have nutrition education, are in the potential risk of missing which important nutrients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vitamin B6 (also known as __________) is essential for releasing energy from __________ and is also important for the __________ system. |
|
Definition
Pyridoxal Phosphate (PLP)
Glycogen (turns into glucose)
Gene expression |
|
|
Term
| Folic Acid is especially important even before a woman conceives, to prevent neural tube defects such as spinobifita. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phytic Acid found in whole grains, bran and soy, binds calcium, zinc, iron, and magnesium which limits their absorption. So it's not a good idea to take a mineral supplement at the same time as a high fiber breakfast cereal. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The true definition of pH is what? |
|
Definition
Power of hydrogen
ph = -log [H+] |
|
|
Term
| Based on the many class presentations, the authority that is most reliable for nutrition information, is the _______ kind of practicioner? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With regards to blood pressure, the three minerals that seem to have most effect to raise or lower include which ones? |
|
Definition
| Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium |
|
|
Term
| Why are Raisins and Oranges healthy for most people and not for diabetics? |
|
Definition
| Too much sugar in them. Natural sugars are absorbed too rapidly in the stomach, causing spike in blood pressure. They have high glycemic index. |
|
|
Term
| The safest most effective form of vitamin E as an antioxidant, is which one? |
|
Definition
| The natural "D" form called alpha Tocopheryl Succinate (apha TS). Important during pregnancy. |
|
|
Term
| The class designed several diabetic clients, among them Santa Clause and Aunt Bertha, which Type II diabetes. Answer following question: The underlying emotion frequently correlated with diabetes are which of the following? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The class designed several diabetic clients, among them Santa Clause and Aunt Bertha, with Type II diabetes. Answer the following question: The following foods would be inappropriate food choices for these diabetic characters. Why? |
|
Definition
Orange juice, Raisins, Graham crackers.
They have high glycemic index levels. |
|
|
Term
| The class designed several diabetic clients, among them Santa Clause and Aunt Bertha, with Type II diabetes. Answer the following question: Choose a healthy dinner to help them lower their blood sugar. |
|
Definition
| No juice. Complex Carbs, preferably Gluten Free. High in Omega 3. Veggies. |
|
|
Term
| The class designed several diabetic clients, among them Santa Clause and Aunt Bertha, with Type II diabetes. Answer the following question: The best type of fiber to stabilize these clients blood sugar is which one? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The class designed several diabetic clients, among them Santa Clause and Aunt Bertha, with Type II diabetes. Answer the following question: Give an example of the best type of fiber to stabilize blood sugar. |
|
Definition
| Pectins, gums, hemicellulose, oats, apples, beans, seaweed (pg 119) |
|
|
Term
| The class designed several diabetic clients, among them Santa Clause and Aunt Bertha, with Type II diabetes. Answer the following question: In order for Santa and Aunt Bertha to eat an apple, what would be the best food choice for them to have with it at the same time to prevent their blood sugar from spiking? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The class designed several diabetic clients, among them Santa Clause and Aunt Bertha, with Type II diabetes. Answer the following question: What is the single most important thing that Santa and Aunt Bertha can do to reverse their diabetes, and recreate their bodies as a healthier one. |
|
Definition
| Seek Nutritionist, eat healthy, exercise. Low glycemic index food (comples carbs, high omega 3s, 5 small meals throughout the day) |
|
|
Term
| All of the following are fat soluble vitamins except which one? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The primary difference between traditional medicine and functional medicine seems to be traditional medicine is better for acute care in emergency situations and functional medicine is better for chronic disease care and multi system syndromes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to the American Dietetic Association, the proper spelling of the health professional abbreviated RD is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diabetes Type II used to be called "Adult Onset Diabetes". This is no longer valid because why? |
|
Definition
| Because younger people can get it too, such as adolescents. |
|
|
Term
| The mineral used in a previous question (?) has a higher binding affinity than the mineral required in a different previous question (?) and this could potentially be why so many people need to take the medication synthroid. (T/F) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To avoid extreme shifts in blood glucose levels is best to do what? |
|
Definition
| Have protein and fiber limit carbohydrates |
|
|
Term
| The stored form of glucose in the body is called ________ and is stored mainly where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most important component of any weight control program is which step? |
|
Definition
| Proper nutrition, exercise, supplements |
|
|
Term
| Probiotics is the name given to healthy gut bacteria and Prebiotics is the name give to their food. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nutrients that cannot be synthesized by the body are termed what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A nurses' most important contribution to the nutrition education of the client is what? |
|
Definition
| educate about proper nutrition ? |
|
|
Term
| The measurement of the hemoglobin A1C is important because why? |
|
Definition
| Indicates the long term amount of glucose in the blood. It tells you if you have diabetes. |
|
|
Term
| The trace minerals, Chromium and Vanadium, and help which type of patients best achieve their goal? |
|
Definition
| Chromium is needed for normal glucose utilization. Deficiency is rare in the US and is best for those who want to reduce body fat and increase lean body mass. It is best for diabetes. |
|
|
Term
| Diabetes is becoming an epidemic in the US and other parts of the world. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Iron absorption from non meat foods can be increased by doing what? |
|
Definition
| Cooking in an iron skillet. |
|
|
Term
| The most absorbable iron is that found in what kind of foods? |
|
Definition
| Heme iron. Meat, poultry, fish |
|
|
Term
| When we are tired and run down and our hair is falling out, the most reasonable nutritional approach is most likely to do be/to do what? |
|
Definition
| unbalanced diet/iron deficiency/stress |
|
|
Term
| Caffeine beverages such as coffee are an excellent energy booster for people with esophageal reflux and hypertension. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The primary source of energy for the brain and nervous system under normal healthy condition is which one? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ideal food source of fuel for the body is which one? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Liver glycogen is converted to glucose when blood glucose levels are what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Based on the class project, the most helpful supplements for diabetic clients would include which ones? |
|
Definition
| Chromium, Guymenema, Sylvestre, Bitter Melon, Fenugreek |
|
|
Term
| The extent to which a food raises the blood glucose level is its what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the exchange system, carbohydrate foods appear primarily on which lists? |
|
Definition
| Starches or the Carb group |
|
|
Term
| Refined white sugar is called _____ and the enzyme that breaks it down is called ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Excess fat around the ____ represents a greater risk of metabolic syndrome developing than excess fat elsewhere in the body. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Any disease that produces ____ mal absorption can bring about deficiencies of Vitamins A, D, E, and K. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following vegetarian foods is highest in protein, fiber, and iron? |
|
Definition
| Iron fortified cereals or Soy products |
|
|
Term
| Much of osteoporosis could be prevented if what was done? |
|
Definition
| Calcium and vitamin D levels were adequate when bone is developing and achieve high peak bone mass |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following statements about basal metabolism are true? |
|
Definition
| Basal metabolism is the energy expended to maintain an awake resting body that is not digesting food. Measures what you need for life sustaining foods. |
|
|
Term
| The best food sources of complete protein in terms of available amino acids are which ones? |
|
Definition
| Any foods from animal proteins, or grains and legumes. Rice and Beans. Peanut Butter and Bread. Garbanzo beans and Pasta. |
|
|
Term
| Helpful foods for a person with high blood pressure would include what? |
|
Definition
| Foods high in fiber, potassium, calcium, magnesium. Fruits and veggies, low fat dairy, lean meats, low salt. "DASH diet" |
|
|
Term
| Failure of blood to clot may be related to a deficiency of which vitamin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A reasonable approach to reduce overweight would include what? |
|
Definition
| Seek nutritionist, diet, exercise. |
|
|
Term
| A general function of vitamin C is its action as a what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The six major nutrients contribute how much energy for the body? |
|
Definition
Carbs = 4
Protein = 4
Lipids = 9
Alcohol = 7
Water = 0
Micronutrients (vitamins & minerals) = 0 |
|
|
Term
| Which combination of foods would insure the best iron absorption. |
|
Definition
| Meat, fish, poultry and foods rich in Vitamin C. No dairy products that contain calcium. |
|
|
Term
| The best way to obtain sufficient food amounts for all of the vitamins and minerals would be combine meat, dairy, legumes, green vegetables, fruits, and grains, in about equal amounts. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vitamin C megadoses could be used to induce which gastrointestinal conditions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The only food group providing sufficient amounts of vitamin C in the diet is which one? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which mineral helps to balance bone calcium utilization, lowers blood pressure, and prevents muscle cramps? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The primary source of all food energy is derived from the where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The best breakfast for a person to reduce cholesterol is which one? |
|
Definition
| Whole grains, low salt, fat, cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| A non food source from which vitamin K can be obtained, is what? |
|
Definition
| Bacteria in gastrointestinal tract. |
|
|
Term
| If your skin feels flushed after taking a vitamin pill, you may have overdosed on what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the principal positively charged ion inside of body cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With age, bone breakdown exceeds bone formation because bone is a metabolically active tissue. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bone is made out of what? |
|
Definition
Calcium, magnesium, fl-boron, phosphorus, vitamin K.
Osceous tissue and contains Calcium, Phosphate, and Hydroziapitite. |
|
|
Term
| A deficiency of any of these three vitamins allows a particular amino acid to build up in the blood that has been shown to increase risk of heart disease and inflammation. |
|
Definition
| The deficiency is called Homocystine, and the vitamins are B6 pyridoxide. B9 folic acid. B12 Cyanobalamin |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following foods supplies the most pre formed vitamin A? |
|
Definition
Any Retinols, Liver, Fish, egg yolks, dairy
OR
Carotene in dark orange fruits and veggies |
|
|
Term
| The richest food source of thiamin among the following foods is _____ and prevents the deficiency disease called ______. |
|
Definition
Niacin (meat/fish)
Pellagra
?OR?
Thiamin (cereals/beans/nuts)
Beri |
|
|
Term
| Coumadin, a blood thinner, necessitates a reduction in which types of foods because of which component? |
|
Definition
| Avoid vitamin K foods like liver, broccoli, sprouts, spinach, and green leafy veggies and cranberries. Vitamin K aids in blood clotitng and will counteract the medicine. |
|
|
Term
| _______ may be lacking in the diet of strict vegetarians? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The best food sources of folic acid include which foods? |
|
Definition
| Liver, Yeast, asparagus, oranges, legumes |
|
|
Term
| Niacin is also known by what other name? |
|
Definition
| Vitamin B3, nicotinic acid and vitamin PP |
|
|
Term
| Gestational diabetes always leads to adult on set diabetes post partum. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The major minerals are found in the same amounts in the body as the trace minerals. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At least half of the human body's requirement for riboflavin can be met with milk. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The body survives the shortest time if which nutrient is lacking? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contributing most of the weight of the living human body is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Water does not do this job, which one? |
|
Definition
It does not give energy.
It transports nutrients and wastes, provides protection/lubrication, helps regulate temperature. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following substances is an electrolyte? |
|
Definition
| Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride (pg G-6 glossary) |
|
|
Term
| The iron containing protein that allows an athlete to enhance muscle oxygen handling in response to training is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the early stages of bone development, vitamin D is necessary for calcium absorption and utilization to prevent rickets. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The water supply is fluorinated to prevent dental caries. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A fasting plasma glucose gives information on the immediate state of blood sugar, where as the hemoglobin A1C gives longer term blood sugar information. T/F |
|
Definition
True
(fast plasma is taken when a person hasn't eaten for 8 hours. A1C is only taken every few months to see how you've been controlling it) |
|
|
Term
| From the class lectures, the compound that may safely enhance weight loss efforts due to healthy eating and exercise is called what? |
|
Definition
| Whey, soluble fiber, pyruvate, conjugated linoic acid (CLA) |
|
|
Term
| In order to buffer the release of sugar from the digestive system to the blood, it is wise to combine fruits and starches with which other types of foods? |
|
Definition
| Foods high in fiber, whole grains, soybeans, and legumes |
|
|
Term
| Sodium chloride and Potassium are the electrolytes necessary for normal fluid and acid base balance. T/F |
|
Definition
True
(nerve conduction and muscle contraction, pg 414) |
|
|
Term
| The supplement that best helps support and preotect cells especially the heart and oxygenates the tissue of the body is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Soy proteins contain many breast, bone, heart, and cancer preventive compound these are called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which substance has so much Vitamin A that it's actually toxic? |
|
Definition
| Preformed vitamin A, fast food, and supplements being 10x the RDA approved amount |
|
|
Term
| The protein in egg whites that binds up the B vitamin Biotin and renders it unavailable is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vitamin with the most potential to prevent many chrome diseases including MS, breast cancer, and colon cancer is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
