Term
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Definition
| Chemical reactions that take place in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical reactions involved in breakdown, synthesis and transformation of energy yielding nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| glucose / amino acids / fatty acids |
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Term
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Definition
| Break down of "storage" molecules into their subunits |
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Term
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Definition
| Synthesis of lager molecules from their subunits |
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Term
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Definition
| Catabolic: breaks glycogen into glucose makes ATP Anabolic reactions: sythesis of glycogen from glucose uses ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| Breakdown of glycogen into glucose (stimulated by epinephrine and cortisol) |
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Term
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Definition
| Breakdown of glucose (6 carbons) into smaller units (3 carbons) |
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer of energy in 3-carbon units to other compounds that can enter final phase (also called TCA cycle and krebs cycle) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Breakdown of proteins into amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| Removal of amino group from an amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol |
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Term
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Definition
| breakdown of fatty acids into 2-carbon units |
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Term
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Definition
| 0-4 hours after meal, glucose primary energy source (extra stored as glycogen), Amino acids used for protein syn. (excess converted to fatty acids), insulin stimulates uptake of fatty acids into adipose tissue triglyceride synthesis, promotion of energy storage via anabolic pathways |
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Term
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Definition
| After 4 hours, insulin decrease, glucagon increase, blood glucose decrease, fatty acids and glycogen mobilize |
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Term
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Definition
| 24 hrs after not eating last meal, glucose produced via gluconeogenesis, uses reserves |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells in adipose tissue (# and size determine mass of adipose tissue) |
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Term
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Definition
| Existing adipocyte size increases |
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Term
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Definition
| New adipocytes are formed |
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Term
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Definition
| Basic physiological need for food |
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Term
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Definition
| Desire for food (psychological>physiological) |
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Term
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Definition
| Physiological response to having eaten enough |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy associated with digesting, absorbing, and using nutrients (10% of total energy expenditure) |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy associated with basic physiologic functions and maintenance (50-70% of total energy expenditure) |
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Term
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Definition
| weight(kg)/height(m)2 (healthy/18.5-24.9, fat/25-29.9, obese/over 30) |
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Term
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Definition
| Intra-abdominal fat or apple-shaped, (high risks for CVD, type 2, hypertension) |
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Term
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Definition
| Subcutaneous fat in thighs & hips or pear shaped |
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Term
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Definition
| Factors circulating in blood communicate to the brain the amount of adipose tissue to be in body, adipose tissue decreases below "set point", food intake increases and energy expenditure decreases |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone made by adipose tissue (body fat increases = leptin increases and vise versa) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Energy in = Energy out + Energy stored |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy in > Energy out (weight gain) good during growth and development |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy out > Energy in (weight loss) |
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