Term
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Definition
| nutrients for which specific biological functions have been identified and which the body can not synthesize in sufficient quantities to meet our biological needs. |
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Definition
| the primary fuel source for the body, particularly for the brain and physical exercise |
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Definition
| large complex molecules made up of amino acids and found as essentials components of all living cells |
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Definition
| an important energy source for our bodies at rest and during low intensity exercise |
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Definition
| a set of nutritional reference values for the US and Canada that apply to healthy people |
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Definition
| the relative amount of nutrients per amount of energy (or number of calories) |
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Definition
| a state of poor nutritional health that can be improved by adjustments in nutrient intake |
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Definition
| a form of protein-energy malnutrition that is typically seen in developing countries in infants and toddlers who weaned early because of the birth of a subsequent child; fed cereal instead and had inadequate protein |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of protein-energy malnutrition that results from grossly inadequate intake of protein, energy and other nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| the increased availability of food and the change in the types of food available to the population as the economy of a developing country improves; coincides with increases in obesity and chronic diseases |
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Term
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Definition
| a physiological sensation that prompts us to eat |
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Term
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Definition
| a psychological desire to eat certain foods |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which foods are broken down into their component molecules either mechanically or chemically |
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Term
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Definition
| the physiological process by which molecules of food are taken from the gastroinstestinal tract into circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| scientific study of of food and how good nourishes the body/ influences health |
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Term
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Definition
| plants/ animals we consume |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical substances found in food that our bodies use for energy to support the growth, maintenance, and repair of our tissues |
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Term
| the 6 essential nutrients |
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Definition
| carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water |
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Term
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Definition
| nutrients your body needs in large amounts to support normal health/ function, ie carbs, lipids and proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| organic substances largely insoluble in water, fats, composed mostly of C, H, and O |
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Term
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Definition
| contain C, H, O, N, support tissue growth, repair and maintenance, made of amino acids, provide us with energy but are not a primary energy |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which the undigested portions of food and waste are removed from the body |
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Term
| gastroinstestinal tract (GI) |
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Definition
| a long, muscular tube consisting of several organs: the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, & large intestine |
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Definition
| tight ring of muscles separating some organs in GI tract and opening when food is ready to pass to next section |
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Term
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Definition
| saliva from salivary glands |
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Term
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Definition
| food that has been chewed and moistened in the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| muscular tube that connects and transports food from mouth to stomach |
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Definition
| j shaped organ where food is partially digested, churned, and stored until released in sm intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| gastric juice: acidic liquid, contains hydrochloric acid, pepsin and other compounds |
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Term
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Definition
| 10-12 ft long, food is broken down into its smallest components, |
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Definition
| pear shaped organ beneath liver that stores bile and secretes it into sm intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| gland located behind the stomach, secretes digestive enzymes |
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Term
| GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) |
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Definition
| a more painful type of heart burn that occurs more than twice a week, |
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Term
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Definition
| a bowel disease that causes inflammation in the sm intestine leading to diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, weight loss, fever |
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Term
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Definition
| an allergic reaction to a good, caused by a reaction of the immune system, |
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Definition
| gastrointestinal discomfort caused by certain foods |
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Definition
| genetic disorder characterized by the inability to absorb a component of gluten that causes an immune reaction that damages sm intestine lining |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic disease of large intestine or colon indicated by inflammation and ulceration of the innermost lining of the colon |
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Term
| glucose/fructose/galactose |
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Definition
| most abundant sugar molecule, a monosaccharide, preferred source of energy for brain and for cells |
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Term
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Definition
| simplest of carbohydrates, consists of one sugar molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| carbohydrate compound consisting of 2 monosaccharide molecules together |
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Definition
| most common disaccharides, |
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Term
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Definition
| a nutrient compound consisting of long chains of glucose molecules, such as starch, glycogen, fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| a complex carbohydrate consisting of a long chain of glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| rating of the potential of foods to raise blood glucose and insulin levels |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of carbohydrate in a good multiplied by glycemic index of the carbohydrate |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal |
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Term
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Definition
| a chronic disease in which the body can no longer regulate glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder in which the body can not produce enough insulin |
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Term
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Definition
| progressive disorder in which body cells become less responsive to insulin, can be delayed/ prevented with a healthful diet, maintaining a healthful weight |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition marked by blood glucose levels that are below normal fasting levels, |
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