Term
| Organization whose primary concern is to controlling importing pathogens which may cause foodborne illness. |
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Definition
| Food and drug Administration |
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Term
| Federal agency historically responsible for nutritional education |
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Definition
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Term
| Common symptoms of foodborne illness |
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Definition
| runny nose, diarrhea, vomit, abdominal cramps |
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Term
| treatment of foodborne illness |
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Definition
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Term
| cutting meat with vegetables causes this |
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Definition
| cross contamination of bacteria |
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Term
| The recommended percentage of carbohydrate consumption |
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Definition
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Term
| Overall fat consumption should be reduced from 40% to.. |
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Definition
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Term
| Recommended saturated fat consumption percentage. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cholesterol consumption should be reduced to how many mg? |
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Definition
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Term
| amount of sugar recommended per day in grams |
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Definition
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Term
| Targets of nations public health agenda: what do they want to reduce in american overall. |
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Definition
| overweight/obesity, diabetes, cancers, cardiovascular disease |
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Term
| The process in which food is broken down into absorbable nutrients beginning in the mouth. |
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Definition
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Term
| when food goes past the mouth and becomes an acidic substance in the stomach it is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| Salivary glands, stomach, and pancreas all secrete specialized proteins which help with digestion of basic macromolecules |
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Definition
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Term
| the primary macromolecules: |
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Definition
| proteins, fats, and carbohydrates |
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Term
| This is made from the gallbladder and consists of salts and cholesterols which emulsify fats in preparation for digestion and absorption |
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Definition
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Term
| method: diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport occur where nutrients cross the lipid bi layer of the intestinal cells into vascular and lymphatic systems |
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Definition
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Term
| everything absorbed in the digestive tract eventually goes here for metabolism. |
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Definition
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Term
| gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin and gastric-inhibitory peptide are ________ which are specialized proteins that regulate stomach, gallbladder, and pancreas secretions during digestion. |
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Definition
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Term
| this is food that is not digested or absorbed but becomes fermented in the colon before elimination. |
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Definition
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Term
| beneficial organism living in the gastrointestinal tract: probiotics |
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Definition
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Term
| the principle describing the body as an elegant machine which maintains internal conditions to protect your health and cannot be easily manipulated with fad diets or supplements |
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Definition
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Term
| class of macronutrients consisting of monosaccharrides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides ( glycogen, starches, and dietary fibers). |
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Definition
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Term
| carbohydrates that are quickly digested and absorbed ie monosaccharides and disaccharides. |
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Definition
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Term
| carbohydrates that take longer to digest and absorb ie polysaccharides. |
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Definition
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Term
| specialized proteins that help digest carbohydrates |
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Definition
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Term
| when simple carbohydrates are absorbed in the small intestine they travel to this site for metabolism via vascular system |
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Definition
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Term
| the most essential source of energy circulating in our bodies, "blood sugar": |
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Definition
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Term
| the storage form of carbohydrates |
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Definition
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Term
| non-starch polysaccharides which prevent cardiovascular disease and some cancers ie cellulose: |
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Definition
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Term
| chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism and leading cause of death in the united states. obesity increases the risk of onset |
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Definition
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Term
| pancreatic hormone use for controlling blood sugar transportation. |
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Definition
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Term
| the process of getting energy from amino acids |
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Definition
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Term
| family of macronutrients which are described as fats when they are solid at room temperature or oils when they are are room temperature |
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Definition
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Term
| major storage form of fat in the body, forms with fatty acids as the majority to make up dietary fats: |
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Definition
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Term
fatty acids that have no double bonds in their structure, carry the maximum number of hydrogen.
-firmer are room temp also described as clogging fats |
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Definition
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Term
| fatty acids that have more than one double bond in their structure, most often liquid at room temperature and are seen NOT to clog your arteries. |
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Definition
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Term
| types of nutrients that we need because our body doesnt make them ie omega-3 (alpha linolenic) and omega 6 (linoleic) |
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Definition
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Term
| used to promote the mixing of fat in water so that they can be absorbed in the intestinal tracts, |
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Definition
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Term
| synthesized in intestinal cells and transport lipids in our vascular system ie chylomicrons |
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Definition
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Term
| specialized proteins that hydrolyze triglyceride and promote triglyceride uptake, ex LPL/lipase in all adipose cells |
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Definition
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Term
| cholesterol makes bile acids, hormones, this vitamin. |
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Definition
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Term
| the leading cause of death associated with saturated fat consumption in the united states. this is why cholesterol is also labeled bad |
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Definition
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Term
| High cholesterol means what kind of lipid profile ( how much HDL and LDL) |
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Definition
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Term
| nitrogen is found in this macronutrient making it different than the others |
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Definition
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Term
| where digestion of protein primarily occurs |
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Definition
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Term
| specialized protein that digests proteins ie pepsin |
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Definition
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Term
| what occurs to amino acids in the small intestine after they have been digested? |
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Definition
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Term
| amino acids are classified as this depending on if we can get them from our diets or not. |
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Definition
| essential, conditionally-essential, or non-essential |
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Term
| the purpose of tranferrin, hemoglobin, and lipoproteins is to do what to nutrients? |
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Definition
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Term
| the pancreas makes this important messenger protein. also used to blood sugar regulation |
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Definition
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Term
| amino acids is broken down into ammonia and is converted to urea in what organ? |
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Definition
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Term
| what organs filters the blood, ie urea |
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Definition
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Term
| exercising and healthy eating habits insure amino acids will be built into what? |
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Definition
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Term
| eating too much protein leads to what? other than acidosis |
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Definition
| Negative nitrogen balance |
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Term
| reaction when small molecules are put together to build larger ones, requires energy |
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Definition
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Term
| reaction where larger molecule are broken down into smaller ones, produces energy. |
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Definition
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Term
| the process of building and degrading molecules |
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Definition
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Term
| glycolysis in muscles that are deprived of oxygen produce ____ which can be cycled back into glucose in the live via which cycle______ |
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Definition
| lactic acid; cori/kreb/TCA cycle |
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Term
| enzymes need help fro these guys to perform metabolic reactions |
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Definition
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Term
| describe how the macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are used in exercise over time. |
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Definition
| carbohydrates used more in the first 30 minutes then proteins and fat in the later minutes |
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Term
how many kcal per gram are there in
-carbohydrates
-lipids
-proteins |
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Definition
carbohydrates- 4 kcal/gram
Lipids- 9 kcal/gram
protein- 4 kcal/gram |
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Term
recommended percentages for:
-carbohydrates
-lipids
-protein |
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Definition
-carbohydrates:50-65%
-lipids:<20%
-proteins:10-35% |
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Term
| what fraction of lean tissue represents the water content |
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Definition
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Term
| this organ provides major control for homeostasis of body fluids ie blood pressure and the bodys acid base balance |
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Definition
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Term
| sweating and bleeding leads to greatest loss in these minerals |
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Definition
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Term
| what is needed for oral rehydration therapy |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the major function of chloride |
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Definition
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Term
| who primary function is to act as a principal intracellular electrolyte? |
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Definition
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Term
| whose major function is to air with ADP-ATP energy exchange |
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Definition
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Term
| calcium aids with what 2 functions |
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Definition
| bone health and blood clotting |
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Term
| what helps amino acids for bridges |
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Definition
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Term
| the amount of this ___ in foods are dependent of soil composition. |
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Definition
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Term
| the measure of the amount at which a nutrient is absorbed and used by the body |
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Definition
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Term
| an iron-containing compound that carries oxygen in the blood |
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Definition
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Term
| proteins are needed for what elements(2) transport in the blood |
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Definition
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Term
| what helps maintain body temperature, metabolic rate, blood cell production and hormone synthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| what trace mineral helps activate thyroid hormone? |
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Definition
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Term
| what trace mineral is necessary in the formation of hemoglobin? NOT IRON! |
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Definition
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Term
| lead, mercury and cadmium have what in common? |
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Definition
| they are dangerous heavy metals |
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Term
| a class of drug which stimulates the kidneys to release body water through the kidneys |
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Definition
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Term
| name of the body's hormone that stimulates the kidneys to a to reabsorb water |
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Definition
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Term
| food that contain non-nutrient substances which may promote health beyond basic nutrition |
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Definition
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Term
| good natural source of fluoride |
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Definition
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Term
| sodas have what that can effect bone health? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are the antioxidant vitamins |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| reproduction, growth, non toxic form of vitamin A |
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Term
| water soluble vitamin (2) |
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Definition
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Term
| cholesterol makes what vitamin? |
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Definition
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