Term
| Hormone that causes a decrease in blood glucose level. |
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Definition
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Term
| Recommended intake is no more than 10% of total kcals/day. |
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Definition
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Term
| Metabolic compound that enters the Citric Acid Cycle |
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Definition
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Term
| The most common form of diabetes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Amount of a viatmin know as beriberi. |
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Definition
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Term
| Coenzyme in amino acid metabolism; supplements used to treat PMS and carpal tunnel. |
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Definition
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Term
| Coenzyme in glycolysis; the body makes it from tryptophan. |
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Definition
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Term
| Milk is a source of this vitamin; forms the coenzyme FAD. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fatty acid with two double bonds. |
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Definition
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Term
| Food that provides 3 grams or less fat per serving. |
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Definition
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Term
| Hormone that stimulates release of bile and pancreatic enzymes into the small intestine during fat digestion. |
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Definition
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Term
| The essential fatty acids. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the fat in foods and in the body is composed of this type of fat |
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Definition
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Term
| Reducing saturated fat and trans fats in the diet can be helpful in the reduction in blood levels of this type of lipoproteins. |
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Definition
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Term
| Lipoprotein with the highest percentage of cholesterol. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Synthesis of fatty acids. |
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Term
| Three fatty acids attached to glycerol. |
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Definition
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Term
| Three fatty acids attached to glycerol. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| It's an emulsifier. (Useful in foods) |
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Term
| EPA, DHA and linolenic acid. |
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Definition
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Term
| Types of fatty acids that go directly into the bloodstream after lipid digestion. |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of hydrogenation results in the formation of this type of fat that raises LDL and lowers HDL in the blood. |
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Definition
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Term
| The structures are composed of triglycerides, cholesterol, protein, phospholipids and fat soluble vitamins. |
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Definition
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Term
| Biologically active compounds made from omega fatty acids that help regulate blood pressure, blood clotting and the immune response. |
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Definition
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Term
| Components of every cell membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| Breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. |
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Definition
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Term
| Build-up of fatty materials (plaque) in artery walls. |
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Definition
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Term
| During this metabolic process, two-carbon fragments are broken from fatty acids and used to make acetyl-CoA. |
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Definition
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Term
| "Bodies" formed from the incomplete breakdown of fat; they can replace glucose as food for the brain. |
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Definition
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Term
| ADMR for total fat intake. |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of protein in foods that lacks the sufficient amounts of one or more essential amino acids. |
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Definition
| incomplete or low quality |
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Term
| The chemical digestion of protein begins here. |
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Definition
| The Stomach (proteins hit the acid in the stomach) |
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Term
| Enzyme that breaks down protein in the stomach. |
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Definition
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Term
| Substance in the stomach responsible for protein denaturation. |
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Definition
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Term
| When protein intake is less than the protein output. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| .8 g per kg of body weight |
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Term
| Type of PEM resulting from consuming insufficient amounts of both protein and kcals. |
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Definition
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Term
| Nitrogen is stripped from amino acids and then used to make this substance that is excreted in urine. |
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Definition
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Term
| The amount of pure ethanol in one drink. |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of vegetarian consumes only plant products. |
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Definition
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Term
| Macronutrient that is especially easy for the body to store as fat when excess kcals are consumed. |
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Definition
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Term
| The organ in the body that can manufacture nonessential amino acids, convert fructose to glucose, detoxify alcohol and build fatty acids from excess glucose. |
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Definition
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Term
| When glycogen has been depleted in the body, this metabolic pathway uses amino acids to make (synthesize) glucose. |
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Definition
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Term
| This organ can metabolize approximately 1/2 ounce of ethanol per hour. |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzyme that breaks down alcohol in the stomach and liver. |
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Definition
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Term
| Stage of liver damage that is not reversible. |
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Definition
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Term
| Consumption of alcohol can decrease production of this hormone that helps the body retain fluid. |
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Definition
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Term
| Percentage of alcohol in 80 proof liquor. |
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Definition
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Term
| Number of kcals provided by one gram of alcohol. |
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Definition
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Term
| When nutrients from a meal are no longer available, the body draws on the stored forms of these two macronutrients to provide energy, |
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Definition
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Term
| These two macronutrients can be used by the body to make glucose. |
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Definition
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Term
| When carbohydrate is consumed in excess of the body's needs, it will replace this macronutrient in the fuel mix the body uses to make fat. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of glucagon? |
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Definition
| It raises blood glucose, breaksdown glycogen and enhances gluconeogenesis. |
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Term
| What are the functions of epinephrine? |
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Definition
| It increases blood sugar. |
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Term
| What is another name for epinephrine? |
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Definition
| Adrenaline (fight or flight response) |
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Term
| What are the functions of Insulin? |
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Definition
| Lowers blood glucose and puts glucose into the cells. |
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Term
| Which parts of the body secrete hormones used to regulated blood glucose levels? |
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Definition
| Pancreas and Adrenal Gland |
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Term
| What hormones are released by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormones are released by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hormone is released from the adrenal gland to aid in blood glucose regulation? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Plant Products + Dairy + Eggs |
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Term
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Definition
| Will eat some but not other animal products. |
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Term
| Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) |
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Definition
| Released from the liver to transport lipids to cells in the body. VLDL eventually becomes LDL. |
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Term
| Low-Density-Lipoproteins (LDL) |
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Definition
| Primary transporter of cholesterol to cells in the body. Some of us have too much LDL in our bodies. "Bad Cholesterol" |
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Term
| High-Density-Lipoproteins (HDL) |
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Definition
| Circulate in bloodstream and transport cholesterol back to the liver. "Good Cholesterol" |
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Term
| Which is the "Bad Cholesterol"? |
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Definition
| Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) |
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Term
| Which is the "Good Cholesterol"? |
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Definition
| High-Density-Lipoproteins (HDL) |
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme in the pancreas that raises the blood glucose levels by causing the breakdown of glycogen in the liver. |
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Term
| Which type of diabetes is insulin resistant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the physical and chemical characteristics of unsaturated fatty acids? |
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Definition
| Tend to be oils at room temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fatty acid, saturated, found in animal facts and sometimes chocolate. |
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Term
| Sources of Omega-6 fatty acids: (Linoleic Acid) |
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Definition
| Vegetable oils (corn, sunflower, safflower, soybean, cottenseed), poultry fat, nuts, seeds |
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Term
| Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids: (Linolenic) |
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Definition
| Oils (flaxseed, canola, walnut, wheat germ, soybean), nuts and seeds, vegatables |
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Term
| What are the three classes of lipids? |
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Definition
| Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Sterols |
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Term
| What does a triglyceride consist of? |
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Definition
| Three fatty acids attached to a glycerol. |
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Term
| 90% of the fat in our bodies/ food are made of: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Mixes water and oils together. Manufactured foods often have emulsifiers. EX: Salad Dressing - need to mix because water and oils are separate |
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Term
|
Definition
| Breaks down triglycerides containing short and medium chain fatty acids. |
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Term
| What are saturated fatty acids loaded with? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A triglyceride consists of: |
|
Definition
| three fatty acids attached to a glycerol |
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Term
| The difference between cis- abd trans-fatty acids is: |
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Definition
| The configuration around the double bond. |
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Term
| Chylomirons are produced in the: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Transport vehicles for lipids are called: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The lipoprotein most associated with high risk of heart disease is: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The essential fatty acids include: |
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Definition
| linoleic and linolenic acid |
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Term
| A person consuming 2200 kcalories a day who want to meet health recommendations should limit daily fat intake to: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A person consuming 2200 kcalories a day who want to meet health recommendations should limit daily fat intake to: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A person consuming 2200 kcalories a day who want to meet health recommendations should limit daily fat intake to: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which part of its chemical structure differentiates one amino acid from another? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How much of fat is absorbed? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is a positive nitrogen balance? |
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Definition
| The intake is greater than the output.• Some of the protein is staying in the body and less is being broken down and excreted. EXAMPLES: pregnant woman, wound healing, growing child |
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Term
| What is a negative nitrogen balance? |
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Definition
| The intake is less than the output. We are losing more than we are taking in. Examples: Starvation and anorexia |
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Term
|
Definition
| All about the essential amino acids in ample amounts for good nutrition. EX Animal Protein |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lacking or low in one or more essential amino acids. (Plant Proteins) |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The protein RDA for a healthy adult who weighs 180 pounds is: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which of the following can be synthesized from all 3 energy-yielding nutrients? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Excess protein, carb and fat. When a person eats in excess of energy needs, the body stores a small amount of glycogen and much. |
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Term
| If a person consumes 100 kcalories in excess of energy needs from table sugar, approzimately how many of the kcalories are stored in the body? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| If a person comsumes 100 kcals in excess energy needs from olive oil, approx. how many kcals are stored in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Suppression of appetite. Slowing of metabolism. WHen the body is not receiving enough energy, it begins to slow down. |
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Term
|
Definition
| When blood glucose levels are low. |
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Term
| When glycogen has been depleted in the body, this metabolic pathway uses amino acids to make glucose. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the primary organ that breaks down alcohol to produce fuel? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Damaging effects of alcohol abuse. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hard, dry. Growth of connective tissue destroys liver cells. |
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