Term
| adolescence - Paget's disease |
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Definition
| age group and disease that increases chance of bone tumors |
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Term
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Definition
| peak ages for bone tumors |
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Term
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Definition
| sex that is more likely to develop a bone tumor |
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Term
| osteosarcoma/osteogenic sarcoma |
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Definition
| most common malignant bone tumor |
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Term
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Definition
| primary site for osteosarcoma |
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Term
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Definition
| more than half of osteosarcomas occur on the distal portion of the ______ |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ appears as a needle like sunburst on an xray |
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Term
| Ewings Sarcoma/Myleogenic |
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Definition
| 2nd most common malignant bone tumor |
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Term
| Ewings Sarcoma/Myelogenic |
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Definition
| type of bone cancer that forms in the marrow spaces of the bone |
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Term
| Ewings Sarcoma/Myelogenic |
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Definition
| cancer that arises from the shaft(diaphysis) of the long bone or in a flat bone |
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Term
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Definition
| on xray, Ewings Sarcoma depostis under the periosteum look like |
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Term
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Definition
| Ewings Sarcoma will present with _____ at the site of the tumor |
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Term
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Definition
| test that detects tumors as "hot spots" of increased metabolizm |
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Term
| alkaline phosphate, Hct, Ca |
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Definition
| for bone tumors, labs will show an increase in _______ _______, a decrease _______, and an increase in _____ |
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Term
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Definition
| bone marrow aspiration is used to test for ______________ |
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Term
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Definition
| radiation is ussually not used in this type of bone cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| amputation of limb is common with this type of bone cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| prosthetic bone replacement is often used with this type of bone cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| to treat osteosarcoma, ______ is used prior to surgery |
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Term
| radiation combined with chemo |
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Definition
| treatment for Ewings Sarcoma |
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Term
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Definition
| most common cause of amputation of lower extremity |
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Term
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Definition
type of amputation used with infections of the limb
- wound is left not closed so it can drain |
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Term
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Definition
| type of amputation where the stump is covered by a flap of skin sutured over the stump site |
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Term
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Definition
| type of amputation that is through the joint |
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Term
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Definition
| type of amputation that is at the ankle |
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Term
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Definition
| type of amputation that is below the knee |
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Term
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Definition
| type of amputation that is above the knee |
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Term
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Definition
| amputation of the entire arm and shoulder |
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Term
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Definition
used to check circulation w/ amputation
- type of ultrasound that uses sound waves to measure the flow of blood through a blood vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| prior to amputation a ____________ may be done to determine the pressure of blood at multiple levels of the leg |
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Term
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Definition
| test done to view the inside of the BV lumen prior to amputation |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ by the pt increases with each higher level of amputation |
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Term
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Definition
| two types of compression dressings |
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Term
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Definition
| a ____ cast is best to give the stump the ______ _____ it needs to fit a prosthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| type of cast used to decrease phantom sensations |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ may be attached to the end of a rigid cast to promote wieght bearing which will prevent ___________ |
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Term
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Definition
| the original rigid cast is on for _____ unless contraindicated |
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Term
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Definition
| following ampuration, ____ may be used if there is significant would drainage |
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Term
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Definition
| the bandages on a soft compression dressing for amputation should be changed every _____ or as ordered |
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Term
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Definition
| soft compression wrapping techinque used to give the stump of an amputation its cone shape |
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Term
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Definition
| most threatening problem following amputation |
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Term
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Definition
| method to measure drainage on a rigid cast |
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Term
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Definition
| following amputation, keep a _______ at the beside for emergencies |
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Term
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Definition
| following amputation, the stump can only be elevated for ________ any longer may cause ________ |
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Term
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Definition
| placing _____ on the stump will help reduce muscle spasms and pain |
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Term
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Definition
| avoid ______ after the 1st 24 hours following amputation |
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Term
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Definition
| following lower amputation, the pt should lie _____ every 4 hours |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| in BKA, keep the knee extended by ______ |
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Term
- genetic defect of purine metabolism
- renal insufficiency
- increase in purine rich foods
- increased tissue breakdown (cancers, chemo drugs) |
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Definition
| 4 factors that can lead to gout |
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Term
| a single joint - several hours |
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Definition
| acute gout ussually presents as intense pain in _________ that peaks in _____ |
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Term
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Definition
| in gout, uric acid levels may be ____ because uric acid crystals are deposited in ______ |
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Term
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Definition
| visible, firm, moveable urate crystal nodule found under the skin and within organs |
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Term
| sedimentaion rate, WBC, uric acid in urine |
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Definition
| with acute gout, labs will show an increase in (3) |
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Term
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Definition
| tophi may ulcerate and drain a ____ |
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Term
| kidney dysfunction - obstructing urine flow |
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Definition
| in chronic gout, uric acid may precipitate in urine and cause _______ by _______ |
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Term
| kidney dysfunction - obstructing urine flow |
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Definition
| in chronic gout, uric acid may precipitate in urine and cause _______ by _______ |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ impairs excretement of uric acid in urine so should not be used in gout |
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Term
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Definition
| used to treat gout because it interrupts the cycle of urate crystal deposition in joint and inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| used to treat the pain of gout if NSAIDS are contraindicated |
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Term
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Definition
drug used to prevent chronic gout
- lowers serum uric acid levels |
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Term
| uricosuric drugs (Probenecid and Anturane) |
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Definition
| type of drugs used to increase excretion of uric acid |
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Term
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Definition
| two Uricosuric drugs (increase uric acid excretion) |
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Term
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Definition
| with gout, the pt should eat _____ because they make the urine more alkaline |
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Term
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Definition
| sex that is most affected by RA |
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Term
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Definition
| onset of RA ussually beings between ages ____ |
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Term
| juvenile idiopathic arthritis |
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Definition
| name for RA that begins before at 16 |
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Term
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Definition
| a ___ may play a role in initiating the autoimmune response of RA |
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Term
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Definition
| research indicates that _____ are more likely to develop RA |
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Term
| synovitis - pannus formation - fibrous ankylosis - bonyu ankylosis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
first stage of RA
- synovial membrane swells and thickens |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd stage of RA in which inflammation causes a granulation tissue to cover the cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| in RA, the ____ destroys the joint capsule and the bone |
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Term
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Definition
| 3rd stage of RA in which the pannus and scar tissue fill the joint |
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Term
| pannus - subluxation, contractures, and dislocations |
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Definition
| in the 3rd stage of RA, the _____ scars and shortens supporting structures causing ____, _____, and _____ |
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Term
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Definition
| 4th stage or RA in which fibrous tissue calcifies and totally immobilizes the joint |
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Term
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Definition
| condition that occurs with RA and causes decreased tearing and salivation |
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Term
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Definition
| condition that occurs with RA and causes splenomegaly, neutropenia, and anemia |
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Term
| DMARDS (disease modifying antirheumatic drugs) |
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Definition
| RA drugs that lessen joint erosion and deformity |
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Term
| methotrexate, plaquenil, enbrel |
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Definition
| three DMARD (disease modifying antirheumatic drugs) used to treat RA |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical treatment for RA that removes the circulating antibodies from the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| most common form of arthritis |
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Term
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Definition
| areas of new bone growth that is formed at the edges of joints in osteoarthritis |
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Term
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Definition
| as spurs enlarge, small pieces break off and cause _______ |
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Term
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Definition
| osteoarthritis enlargement of the distal interphalangeal joints |
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Term
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Definition
| osteoarthritis enlargment of proximal interphalangeal joints |
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Term
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Definition
| osteoarthritis enlargment of the great toe (bunion) |
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Term
|
Definition
| surgical cartilage repair for osteoarthritis |
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