Term
| Explain the LaLonde Report. |
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Definition
1974: Shifted national thinking toward health promotion; focus of lifestyle; led to canada as a leader of health promotion worldwide; stimulated world-wide action; lifestyle programs (tobacco, smoking, alcohol)
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Term
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Definition
| 1986; achieving health for all; a framework for health promotion; a new direction; agreed to host 1st international conference of HP in Ottawa; Jack Epp (minister); reducing inequity; increase prevention; self-care; strategies - public participation, strengthening community health services, coordinating public policy |
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Term
| Explain the Ottawa Charter. |
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Definition
| 1986; most influential HP document worldwide; formed the basis of poplation health promotion model. |
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Term
| Explain the difference between health and health promotion. |
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Definition
| Health promotion is action orientated; works with people not for people; social and political process; strengthening skills and capabilities of individuals; process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health. Health is an asset/resource for everyday living; subjective sense of well being. |
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Term
| What are the 3 basic HP strategies of the Ottawa Charter? |
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Definition
| Enable, Mediate, Advocate. |
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Term
| What are the 5 elements of the Ottawa Charter? |
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Definition
| create supportive env'ts, develop personal skills, reorient health serviecs, strengthen community action, building healthy public policy. |
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Term
| What is the foundation of the cube (PHPM)? |
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Definition
| evidence based decision making, research, ecperiental learning, evaluation, values + assumptions. |
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Term
| What are the 4 sides of the cube? (PHPM) |
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Definition
| determinents of health, HP action strategies, levels of action, evidence based/values and assumptions foundations. |
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Term
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Definition
| taking action on the interrelated conditions (sedoh) that affect a populations health to create healthy change. |
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Term
| what is population health? |
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Definition
| maintaining and improving health of entire populations and reducing inequities in health status among population groups. |
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Term
| What is primary health care? |
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Definition
| health care made universally accesible to individuals and families through their full participation and at a cost the community and country can afford. |
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Term
| what are the 2 values underlying PHC? |
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Definition
| social justice and equity |
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Term
| What are the 5 principles of PHC? |
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Definition
| accessibility, public participation, HP, appropriate technology, intersectoral cooperation |
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Term
| What are the 8 elements of PHC? |
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Definition
| education about health problems and prevention techniques, promotion of food supply and proper nutrition, adequate safe water and basic sanitation, maternal and child health care/family planning, immunization against major infectious disease, prevention and control of locally endemic diseases, appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries, provision of essential drugs. |
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Term
| what are the 3 levels of prevention? explain each. |
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Definition
primary: true avoidance of an illness or adverse health condition through hP activites and protective actions
secondary: early detection and treatment of adverse conditions; may result in cure of illness that would be incurable at later stages
tertiary: used after diseases or events have already resulted in damade or harm to individuals; purpose to limit disability + rehabilitate affected people to max capability |
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Term
| What is a downstream approach? |
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Definition
| improve individuals health by focusing on curative and research initiatives ex: surgery, rehab - an individual focused orientation to treatment and care |
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Term
| what is a upstream approach? |
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Definition
| improve individuals well being; extend beyond an individuals treatment ex: adding fluorine to source of drinking water - healthy public policies, programs and services deal with macrolevel issues of employment, education, and reimbursement mechanism that affect all in a community ex universal health care. |
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Term
| what prevention approaches link with an upstream approach? |
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Definition
| primary and secondary prevention |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree of equal opportunity made available by the political, social, and economic structures and values of a society; influences well being of entire population; address root cause not symptoms |
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Term
| explain the link of the following nurses with social justice: florence nightingale, lillian wald, lavinia dock, and margaret sanger. |
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Definition
-nightingale: social movement and reform; focused on hospitals and relationship between individual and hospital
-wald: focused on relationship b/w nurse and the public; used activism as a public health intervention
-dock: forefront of the fight for womens right to vote; served time in prison due to activism
-sanger: in jail for efforts to distribute birth control - invented the term birth control |
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Term
| what are the 10 defining attributes of social justice? (CHEAPJEEPD) |
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Definition
| capacity building, human rights, equity, advocacy, poverty reduction, just institutions, enabling env'ts. ethical practice, partnership, democracy and civil rights |
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Term
| what is the CNA definition of equity? |
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Definition
| overall equity is based on the fulfillment of each individuals needs as well as that individuals opportunity to reach full potential as a human being. |
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Term
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Definition
| Equity in health means that all people, irrespective of ethnic or socio-economic status, sex or age, have an equal opportunity to develop and maintain health through fair and just access to resources for health. |
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Term
| what is civilized oppression? |
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Definition
| forms of oppression that we see in everyday life. |
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Term
| why is social justice good for our hearts? |
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Definition
social exclusion leads to or can be caused by low income which can lead to CV diseases
-low income causes: material deprivation, excessive psychosocial stress, adoption of health threatening behaviors |
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Term
| what is community development? |
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Definition
nurses involve a community in identifying and reinforcing those aspects of everyday life, culture, and political activity that are conducive to health; uses empowering strategies
-you need: trust, effective communitycaion, levels and mix of skills, preparedness to engage with stakeholders, shared commitment, have a plan B, and ability to sustain outcomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of drugs that alter function of living organisms |
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Term
| what is pharmacotherapy? what is needed for by nurses? |
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Definition
| use of drugs to prevent, diagnost, or treat signs/symptoms, and disease processes; needed for nurses in order for patient counselling/teaching; medication administration; assessment |
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Term
| What are the 4 roles of nurses in med. admin.? |
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Definition
| safety, patient advocacy, education, critical thinking/decision making |
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Term
| what are the 5 rights of nursing responsibility? |
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Definition
| right med, right dose, right route, right time, right client. |
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Term
| what are the 2 drug laws and standards that provide guidelines for prescribers and public safety? |
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Definition
| controlled drugs and substances act and food and drug regulations act |
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Term
| what is pharmacokinetics? and what are the 4 sub groups? |
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Definition
how drugs move through the body
-absorption: how well drugs are absorbed in the bloodstream depending on the route by which you give it
-distribution: involves transportation of drug molecules within the body - protein binding, blood brain barrier
-metabolism: method by which most drugs are inactivated by the body; major site is liver
-excretion: elimination of a drug from the body - kidney is primary organ but liver and bowel are also important |
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Term
| what are the 3 routes of drug admin in absorption? |
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Definition
-enteral/oral: tablets, pills, syrups, elixers; surface area for absorption; blood flow to the gut; liquid fastest and coated tablet slowest
-topical: creams, patches, inhalers, sprays; rapid absorption through mucous membrane; hydrated skin more permeable than dry skin
-parenteral: injectable forms - any route other than GI tract - believed 100% absorption will occur |
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Term
| what is a therapeutic drug level? |
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Definition
| the optimal level of drug in the blood; varties to each medication; determined at times by drawing blood and checking or by assumptions made on previous drug testing and known safe doses |
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Term
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Definition
| the time it takes for 1/2 at a given amount of drug in the body to be removed. it is a measure of the rate at which a drug is eliminated from the body. |
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Term
| what is the onset of action? |
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Definition
| time required for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response |
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Term
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Definition
| the time a drug needs to reach its max therapeutic respone |
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Term
| what is pharmacodynamics? |
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Definition
| drug actions on target cells ie "what the drug does to the body" - the goal: therapeutic effect |
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Term
| what are the 3 different ways drugs can exert actions? |
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Definition
| receptors, enzymes, nonselective interactions |
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Term
| how are drugs classified? |
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Definition
| 1) effects on particular body systems 2) therapeutic uses 3) chemical characteristics |
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Term
| what are laxatives NOT used for? |
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Definition
| drug allergies or bowel complications |
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Term
| what vitamins are water soluble? which ones have storage in our bodies? |
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Definition
| B+C are water soluble so we need extra because they get excreted - E,P,K have storage in body so we dont need as much |
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Term
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Definition
| protection from a disease produced by a persons own immune system in response to a disease caused by exposure to a specific antigen ex: flu vaccine produces active immunity - agents: vaccines, toxoids |
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Term
| what are antibodies and antigens? |
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Definition
-antibodies: proteins called immunoglobins that interact with specific antigens
-antigens: foreign substances that initiate immune response |
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Term
| what is an immune response? |
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Definition
| biochemical events that occur in the body in response to entry into the body of an antigen |
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Term
| what is positive immunity? |
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Definition
| immunity to an antigen is achieved not by host producing own immunity but by administering agents that confer immunity. agents: immune serums, immunoglobins |
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Term
| Frankish, Moultan, Rootman, Cole, & Gray (2006) Setting a foundation: Underlying values and structures of health promotion in primary health care settings, state that the definition of health promotion is... |
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Definition
| process of enabling people to increase control over the determinants of health and thereby improve their health. |
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Term
| what is the framework of HP in PHC according to Frankish et al. |
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Definition
| values, structures, strategies, processes, and outcomes. |
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Term
| define values and structures in HP in PHC |
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Definition
values: people working in PHC and HP share common values regarding health care services
structures: describe characteristics of PHC settings that have supportive environments for HP. |
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Term
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Definition
PHC is more involved with HP than conventional primary care.
-primary care is concerned with biomedical and disease focus - individual is targeted rather than social and environment |
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Term
| what is social justice according to Stamler + Yiu? |
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Definition
| fair distribution of societys benefits, responsibility and their consequences. it focuses on the relative positon of one social group in relationship to others in society as well as on the root causes of disparities and what can be done to eliminate them. |
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Term
| what are the 3 social justice approaches according to Stamler + Yiu? |
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Definition
| 1) ethical use of power in health care 2) view persons as unique, interdependent 3) elicit concern for issues of everyday life ->ethical dilemmas |
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Term
| what is health according to the medical model presented by stamler + yiu? |
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Definition
| the absence of disease; biomedical; diagnose and fix; body conceptualized as a machine |
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Term
| what is the systems view of health according to stamler + yui? |
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Definition
| state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease and infirmity - embraced by community and public health - stimulated by LaLonde Report |
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Term
| What 4 elements does the LaLonde Report say health is a result of? |
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Definition
| human biology, lifestyle, environment, health care. |
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Term
| what is an ecological perspective? |
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Definition
| reflects a systems view; health is the consequence of interdependence between humans and their social and physical environment |
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Term
| what are the 5 different health perceptions? |
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Definition
| abiding vitality, transitional harmony, rhythmical connectedness, unfolding fulfillment, active optimism |
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Term
| what is a mid stream approach? |
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Definition
| support at the community and organization level for creating environments conducive to living healthfully ex prenatal care programs |
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Term
| what phase of prevention does intervention occur at according to Keith A King's article, postvention? |
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Definition
| Secondary prevention and tertiary prevention |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of conflict according the article by Sessa. describe each. |
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Definition
task oriented: concerned with task functions and address issues concerning resources and activites - leads to better team performance - more long term satisfaction than people oriented.
people oriented: relationships, personality, results in developing team norms, roles and social skills. |
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Term
| what is perspective taking? |
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Definition
| engaging in communication that allows an accurate understand of others responses1) self disclosure 2) role reversal 3) active listening - this in turn creates more tolerance |
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Term
| what are the 2 components of emotion? |
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Definition
tone and arousal
-tone = positive or negative tone
-too much arousal creates difficulty in concentration, however emotional arousal may increase participation
-tone influences specific activities within an orientation
-+ tone leads to helping behaviors
- negative tone leads to withdrawal behavior |
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