Term
| what are the major components of the integumentary system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the integumentary system consists of? |
|
Definition
skin, hair, nails
the accessary structures such as the sweat and oil glands, hair and the nail |
|
|
Term
| how much does the largest organ of the body weigh? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the largest organ of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how much square area is the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| every square inch of the skin contains how much blood vessels and nerves, sweat and oil glands, over 3 million cells are constantly dying and being replaced/ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the skin protects the body from? |
|
Definition
heat
ultraviolet rays
trauma
invasion by bacteria |
|
|
Term
| the skin works with other body systems to do? |
|
Definition
regulate body temperature
synthesize Vitamin D
store blood and fat
excrete body wastes
help humans sense the world around them |
|
|
Term
| the skin, hair and nails can reveal the status of the clients _____, ______,_____ and _____ |
|
Definition
nutrition
airway clearance
thermoregulation
tissue perfusion |
|
|
Term
| the skin, hair, and nails can reveal alterations in what |
|
Definition
activity
sleep and rest
level of stress
self-care ability |
|
|
Term
| skin is very thin at birth and thickens throughout childhood. true or false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 distinct layers of the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ______ glands which are located in the _____ layer, release secretion to lubricate the skin and to assist in temperature regulation |
|
Definition
cutaneous glands
dermal layer |
|
|
Term
| the hair and nails are composed of _____ cells and serve to protect the skind and the ends of the fingers and toes |
|
Definition
| keratinized (hardened) cells |
|
|
Term
| where is the subcutaneous tissue(hypodermis) located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anchors the skin to the underlying body structures |
|
Definition
| subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) |
|
|
Term
| what are the 5 layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial |
|
Definition
1. stratum basale(stratum germinativum)
2. stratum spinosum
3. stratum granulosum
4. stratum lucidum
5. stratum corneum |
|
|
Term
| where are new cells formed? |
|
Definition
| stratum basale(stratum germinativum) |
|
|
Term
| the new skin cells produced in the stratum basale consist of mostly of a fibrous protein called ____, which gives the epidermis its tough, protective qualities. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| about 25% of the cells in the stratum basale are ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the dermis consists of what 2 types of fibrers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this fiber in the dermis gives the skin its toughness and enables it to resist tearing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this fiber in the dermis give the skin its elasticity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which layer of skin is richly supplied with nerves, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, and it is embedded with hair follicles, sweat glands, oil glands and sensory receptors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loose connective tissue that stores approximately half of the bodys fat cells. thus it cushions the body against trauma, insulates the body from heat loss and stores fat for energy |
|
Definition
| subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) |
|
|
Term
| the cutaneous glands are formed in the _____ and push deep into the ______ |
|
Definition
stratum basale (stratum germinativum)
dermis |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 types of sweat (sudoriferous) glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which sweat gland is more numerous and more widely distributed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gland that produces a clear perspiration mostly made of water and salts, which they release into funnel shaped pores at the skin surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this gland is found primarily in the axillary and anogenital regions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this gland produces a secretion made of water, salts, fatty acids, and proteins which is released into the hair follicles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when sweat from this sweat gland mixes with bacteria on the skin surface, it assumes a musky odor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the name for oil glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this gland is distributed over most of the body except the palms of teh hands and soles of the feet. |
|
Definition
| sebaceous glands (oil glands) |
|
|
Term
| what is sebum composed of? and where is it released |
|
Definition
| an oily sercretion composed of fat and keratin that is usually released into hair follicles |
|
|
Term
| what are the 7 major functions of the skin? |
|
Definition
1. perceiving touch, pressure, temperature, and pain via the nerve endings
2. protecting against mechanical, chemical, thermal and solar damage
3. protecting against loss of water and electrolytes
4. regulating body temperature
5. repairing surface wounds through cellular replacement
6. synthesizing vitamin D
7. allowing identification through uniqueness of facial contours, skin and hair color and fingerprints |
|
|
Term
| what are the 6 major functions of the cutaneous glands? |
|
Definition
1. excreting uric acid, urea, ammonia, sodium, potassium, and other metabolic wastes
2. regulating temp through evaporation of perspiration on the skin surface
3. protecting against bacterial growth on the skin surface
4. softening, lubricating and waterproofing skin and hair
5. resisting water loss from the skin surface in low humidity environments
6.protecting deeper skin regions from bacteria on the skin surface |
|
|
Term
| provides nutrition for the epidermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this gland decreases bacterial growth and decreases water loss from skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is melanin genetically determined? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does melanin increase with sunlight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this gives the skin a yellow color |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in adipose tissue and horny layer |
|
|
Term
| yellow orange tinge to skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is carotenemia best seen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. increased intake of foods high in carotene (eyes yolks, carrots and milk)
2. anorexia nervosa or endocrine disorders |
|
|
Term
| bright red, newly oxgenated blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increased visibility of oxyhemoglobin caused by dilation of vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fever, extreme warmth or extreme cold, local inflammation, allergy, alcohol |
|
|
Term
| oxyhemoglobin has a generalized redness of skin primarily to ____body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increased amounts of deoxyhemoglobin causes mottled bluish color of skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
poor circulation
low hemoglobin
decreased ability of blood to be saturated with oxygen or local vasoconstriction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| importat for cosmetic and psychological meaning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the shaft of the hair visible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is new cells produced in hair |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which hair is fine, faint and covers most of the body except where? |
|
Definition
vellus hair
at the margins of the lips, nipples, the palms of the hands, soles of the feet and parts of the external genitals |
|
|
Term
| which hair is darker thicker and grows where? |
|
Definition
terminal hair
scalp, eyebrows, axillae, public area
face and chest for males |
|
|
Term
| nails consist of a hard ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does new growth of nail occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| end of fingers become enlarged, angle between skin and nail base is greater than 160 degrees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the causes of clubbing |
|
Definition
| long term poor perfusion or hypoxia(not getting enough oxygen). smoking, cirrhosis of liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| infection and inflammation of cuticle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| seperation of nail plate from nail bed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| trauma or infection of nail |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for older adults, chemicals access inner layers of skin more ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in older adults, the loss of adipose tissue makes them more prone to ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in older adults, decreased numbers of sweat and sebaceous glands make their skin ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in older adults, there outer layer of skin thins making it ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in older adults, the loss of elastin/collagen causes _____ skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as you get older, the functioning melanocytes in your hair ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as you get older, your nails grow more ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as you get older, the nail surface gets ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| unclean skin can be due to what? |
|
Definition
occupation
illness
disability
depression |
|
|
Term
| to check for alteraions in people with darker skin you check where on their body |
|
Definition
lips
oral mucosa
sclera
palms
conjunctiva |
|
|
Term
| who is at the greatest risk for skin cancers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| african americans and those with olive skin have increase for _____ scarring |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ have increased incidence of chronic inflammatory skin conditions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can tattoss and body piercing be part of religious practice? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| used by asian cultures as treatment to stimulate circulation and restore balance |
|
Definition
| coining, cupping, pinching |
|
|
Term
| practices leave welt, bruising and burns which often are mistaken for abuse |
|
Definition
| coining, cupping, pinching |
|
|
Term
| rubbing upper body with coins in symmetrical patterns. may leave severe bruising |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| heated glass cups applied to skin, circular/welts/burns are left on skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some common or concerning symptoms for the integumetary system |
|
Definition
hair loss
changes in skin color or appearance
rash
moles(especially with new appearance) |
|
|
Term
| what are the laboratory tests you can do for skin? and what are the normal values? |
|
Definition
Eosinophils 1-4%
IgE 0.002-0.2 mg/dl |
|
|
Term
| what are some diagnostic tests you can do for skin |
|
Definition
gram stain and culture
immunostaining
patch tests
skin biopsy
skin scraping
tzanck test |
|
|
Term
| what is a diagnostic test for hair |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the diagnostic test for nails |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| subjective exam/health history questions in regards to skin includes? |
|
Definition
"do you have any concerns about your skin today?"
common or concerning symptoms
previous history of skin disease(treatment &family history of skin disease)
changes in pigmentation
rash or lesion(localized, all over, treatment)
****older adults-diabetes, peripheral vascular disease
excessive dryness or moisture(seasonal or pruritus (itching))
excessive bruising(how, when did this begin)
****older adult-frequent falls
*****abuse
medications(prescriptions, over the counter, how long) |
|
|
Term
| subjective exam/health history questions in regards to hair and nails include? |
|
Definition
hair loss
change in nails
environmental/occupational hazards
recreation(sunbathing, tanning beds)
occupation/hobbies(dyes, chemicals)
insect bites/ticks
exposure to animals/plants
***self care behaviors(self care products, nail/false nails, perform skin self exam) |
|
|
Term
| health promotion what are the education needs of patients? |
|
Definition
-medications affect on skin
-decreased repair of aging skin
-decreased repair of skin with chronic illness(diabetes, circulatory disease)
-early detection of suspicious moles
-protective measures for skin care
-hazards of excessive sun exposure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______% of skin cancers are basal cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this skin cancer is least malignant, rarely metastasize |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this skin cancer is shiny, translucent, grows slowly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this skin cancer is over proliferation of new cells in basal layer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____% of skin cancer is squamous cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is squamous cell carcinoma commonly found |
|
Definition
| scalp, ears, back of hands, lips |
|
|
Term
| does squamous cell carcinoma grow slowly or rapidly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does basal cell carcinoma grow slowly or rapidly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does basal cell carcinoma metastasize? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does squamous cell carcinoma metastasize |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this skin cancer is crusted, scaly, ulcerated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____% of skin cancer is malignant melanoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does malignant melanoma grow slowly or rapidly |
|
Definition
| rapidly increases in frequency |
|
|
Term
| where does malignant melanoma rapidly spread to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the ABCDE for screening moles for possible melanoma? |
|
Definition
A-asymmetry
B-irregular borders, especially ragged, notched or blurred
C-for variation or change in color, especially blue or black
D-for diameter is greater than 6 mm or different from others, especially changing, itching or bleeding
E-for elevation or enlargement |
|
|
Term
| your risk for skin cancer was determined by the age____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ are the most common CAUSE of skin cancer are most intense |
|
Definition
| ultraviolet B rays (UV-B) |
|
|
Term
| tattoos increase your risk for what? |
|
Definition
skin infection
hepatitis C
HIV |
|
|
Term
| body piercing increase your risk for what? |
|
Definition
skin infection
hepatitis C
HIV
abnormally scarring of area |
|
|
Term
| what is the best kind of light to use when doing physical examination |
|
Definition
| natural lightening bc artificial light often distorts colors |
|
|
Term
| where is jaundice best seen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| changes in temperature may indicate decrease in ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| shiny smooth skin may be caused by ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do you check for mobility and turgor of the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| note ease with which it lifts up (_______) and speed with which it returns to place (________) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is it called when you have decreased turgor? and what does that indicate |
|
Definition
tenting
dehydration, weight loss |
|
|
Term
| what characteristics of lesions should you note? |
|
Definition
anatomic location and distribution
patterns and shapes
type of lesion(macules, papules, nevi, vesicle)
color |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 patterns and shapes of lesions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lesions with a circular shape |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lesions that run together |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lesions that are separate and discrete |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| type of lesion that physical changes in the skin considered to be caused directly by the disease process. most often not specific to a single disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the primary lesions |
|
Definition
1.macule and patch
2. papule and plaque
3. nodule and tumor
4. vesicle and bulla
5. wheal
6.pustule
7. cyst |
|
|
Term
flat
nonpalpable
changes in the skin color
with less than 1 cm of
circumscribed border |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
flat,
nonpalpable
changes in the skin color
with larger than 1 cm of
irregular border |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
elevated,
solid palpable masses
smaller than 0.5 cm
with a circumscribed border |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
elevated,
solid palpable masses
 with circumscribed border
that have groups of papules that form lesions
larger than 0.5 cm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| freckles, measles, and petechiae are what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mongolian spots, port-wine stains, vitiligo and chloasma are what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| elavated moles, warts and lichen planus are what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| psoriasis, actinic karatosis and also lichen planus are what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| elevated, solid, hard or soft palpable masses extending deeper into the dermis than a papule and have circumscribed borders and are 0.5-2 cm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| elevated, solid, hard or soft palpable masses extending deeper into the dermis than a papule and have irregular borders and are larger than 2 cm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small lipoma, squamous cell carcinoma, fibroma, intradermal nevi are what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| large lipoma, carcinoma, and hemangioma are what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| elevated, fluid-filled, round or oval-shaped, palpable masses with thin, translucent walls and circumscribed borders and its smaller than 0.5 cm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| elevated, fluid-filled, round or oval-shaped, palpable masses with thin, translucent walls and circumscribed borders and are larger than 0.5 cm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| herpes simplex/zoster, early chickenpox, poison ivy, and small burn blisters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contact dermatitis, friction blisters, large burn blisters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| elevated, often reddish area with an irregular border caused by diffuse fluid in tissues rather than free fluid in a cavity, as in vesicles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| elevated, pus-filled vesicle or bulla with a circumscribed border |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acne, impetigo, and carbuncles (large boils) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| elevated, encapsulated, fluid-filled or semisolid mass originating in the subcutaneous tissue or dermis, usually 1 cm or larger |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| may envolve from primary lesions. may be caused by external forces such as scratching, trauma, infection or the healing process |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the secondary lesions |
|
Definition
1. atrophy
2. erosion
3. lichenification
4. scales
5. crust
6. ulcer
7. fissure
8. scar
9. keloid |
|
|
Term
| this is a translucent, dry, paperlike, sometimes wrinkled skin surface resulting from thinning or wasting of the skin due to loss of collagen and elastin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| wearing away of the superficial epidermis causing a moist, shallow depression. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do erosions extend into the dermis? |
|
Definition
| no and bc they dont they heal without scarring |
|
|
Term
| stratch marks, ruptured vesicles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rough, thickened, hardened area of epidermis resulting from chronic irritation such as stratching or rubbing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| shedding flakes of greasy, keratinized skin tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the color of scales may be what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the texture of scales |
|
Definition
| may vary from fine to thick |
|
|
Term
| dry skin, dandruff, psoriasis and eczema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dry blood, serum, or pus left on the skin when vesicles or pustules burst. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| red-brown,orange, or yellow |
|
|
Term
| large crusts that adhere to the skin surface are called what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| impetigo, eczema, herpes, or scabs following abrasion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deep, irregularly shaped area of skin loss extending into dermis or subcutaneous tissue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| decubitus ulcers (pressure ulcers), stasis ulcers, chancres |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a linear crack with sharp edges extending into the dermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cracks at the corners of the mouth or in the hands, athletes foot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| flat, irregular area of connective tissue left after a lesion or wound has healed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| new scars may be what color |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| old scars may be what color |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| healed surgical wound or injury, healed acne |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| elevated, irregular, darked area of excess scar tissue caused by excessive collagen formation during healing. it extends beyond the site of the original injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tinea corporis, pityrosea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| longitudinal bands of pigment may be normal finding in people with ____ skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| people confined to bed are particulary susceptible to _____and _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ sores result when sustained compression obliterated arteriolar and capillary blood flow to the skin |
|
Definition
| pressure sores(decubitus ulcers) |
|
|
Term
| **the Braden Scale for Pressure Ulcer Prevention includes what areas of assessment of risks |
|
Definition
sensory perception
activity level
mobility
nutritional status
friction
moisture
shear forces |
|
|
Term
| the lower the total score on the Braden scale for pressure ulcer prevention the _____ risk for pressure ulcers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| to check patients for pressure ulcers you need to inspect skin that overlies what |
|
Definition
sacrum
buttocks
greater trochanters
knees and heels |
|
|
Term
| to check patients for pressure ulcers you roll the patients onto one side to see ____ and ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| body odor becomes stronger during heavy activity because of the increased excretion of ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| profuse sweating is a significant avenue for sodium chloride loss and may indicate the presence of a systemic disorder including _____ |
|
Definition
| infectious disease with a fever |
|
|
Term
| decreased sweating increases the risk for what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| delayed healing or frequent skin infections may be a sign of ______ or ____ |
|
Definition
diabetes mellitus
inadequate nutrition |
|
|
Term
| rashes related to clothing, jewelry or cosmetics may be due to _____ |
|
Definition
| contact dermatitis (a type of allergy) |
|
|
Term
| pruritus (itching) increases with age. it is usually due to dry skin, which may in turn be caused by what |
|
Definition
| excessive bathing or use of harsh skin cleansers |
|
|
Term
| at birth, the newborns skin is typically covered with ______, a white, cheese-like mixture of sebum and epidermal cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| decrease in skin mobility caused by an accumulation of fluid in the intercellular spaces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| makes the skin look puffy, pitted and tight |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when the nurse notes that the pregnant females clients face has hyperpigmented patches, the nurse teaches the client that this normal manifestation of pregnancy is referred to as what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what % of pregnant woman develop chloasma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some pregnant woman may get a dark line called a ______ running from the umbilicus to the pubic area, increased pigmentation of the areolae and nipples, and darkened moles and scars. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a client is hospitalized for congestive heart failure. the nurse is assessing the clients degree of edema. the nurse documents that the client has deep edema. which numeic description could the nurse use to describe this edema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the term for stretch marks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is common in infants and will disappear within the first few weeks of birth. but it is areas of tiny white facial papules which are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| due to sebum that collects in the opening of hair follicles |
|
|
Term
| these markings may include stork bites, which are irregular red or pink patches found most commonly on the back of neck. they disappear within a year of birth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gray, blue, or purple spots in the sacral and buttocks areas of newborns |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loss of color in skin due to the absence of oxygenated hemoglobin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pallor is widespread but where is it most apparent |
|
Definition
| face, mouth, conjuctive and nails |
|
|
Term
| the nurse must be alert for the possibility of impending shock if |
|
Definition
| client has pallor accompanied with a drop in blood presure, increased pulse and respirations and marked anxiety. if these cues are present, a physican should be consulted immediately |
|
|
Term
| certain medications can do what to hair |
|
Definition
| change the texture of the hair or lead to hair loss |
|
|
Term
| oral contraceptives may do what to hair |
|
Definition
| change the hair texture of rate of hair growth |
|
|
Term
| drugs used in the treatment of circulatory disorders and cancers may do what to hair |
|
Definition
| result in a temporary generalized hair loss over the entire body |
|
|
Term
| when you shave your legs, face or under arms, pluck eyebrows or facial hair it can cause trauma to the skin. use of unclean equipment can contaminate the skin. plucking leaves an open portal for bacteria and may lead to infection if ______ technique is not used |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| swimming regularly in the salk water or chlorinated pools can do what to your scalp and hair? |
|
Definition
| can dry the scalp and hair and may cause increased dandruff |
|
|
Term
| ridged, brittle, split or peeling fingernails may be caused by |
|
Definition
| protein or vitamin B deficiencies |
|
|
Term
| newly acquired dark longitudinal lines on the nail may indicate what |
|
Definition
| nevus or melanoma in the nail root. or maybe caused by medication including antiretrovirals |
|
|
Term
| dark lines in the nail may be normal in dark skinned clients. true or false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when assessing the nails, whats the rationale for asking "have you been ill recently?" |
|
Definition
| because some cancer, heart disease, liver disease, anemia and other illnesses can cause various changes in the nails such as grooves, ridges or discoloration |
|
|
Term
| clients who have been treated with the antiviral drug zidovudine(retrovir, AZT) can develop what on their fingernails |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prolonged use of nail polish may ______. some clients may also have an allergic reaction to nail polish. use of artificial nails may encourage growth of _____ or damage ____ |
|
Definition
dry or discolor the nails
fungi or damage the nail plate |
|
|
Term
| whats the rationale for asking "do you spend a great deal of time at work or at home with your hands in the water?" |
|
Definition
| because bacterial and fungi infections of the cuticles may occur in people who submerge their hands in water for long periods |
|
|
Term
| what are some nail changes that occur during pregnancy |
|
Definition
| brittleness, formation of grooves, or onycholysis(separation of the nail from the nail bed) |
|
|
Term
| what are the risk factors for skin cancer? |
|
Definition
| sun sensitivity difficulty tanning history of prolonged sun exposure use of tanning beds diseases in which immunosuppression occurs history of skin cancer occupational exposure to some chemicals such as coat tar |
|
|
Term
| additionally, the national cancer institute (NCI) described the _____ tool as a method, when used in combination with physical examination, to calculate the risk for development of melanoma. |
|
Definition
| melanoma risk assessment tool |
|
|
Term
| the tool includes questions about age, gender, race, history of sunburn, geography, sun exposure, and moles |
|
Definition
| melanoma risk assessment tool |
|
|
Term
when you are assessing capillary refill, you palpate the nail by pinching the nailbed and briskly releasing. blood should return in ____
and color should return ______ in healthy nails |
|
Definition
blood should return in less than 2 sec
color should return instantly |
|
|
Term
| if you do the capillary refill and the nail bed appears blue, and color return is sluggish in clients with |
|
Definition
| cardiovascular or respiratory disorders |
|
|
Term
| which electrolytes are lost by individuals who are diaphoretic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a client with diabetes should be asked about which problem during skin, hair and nail assessment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the name of the technique to assess clubbing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| list abnormal vascular lesions |
|
Definition
hemangioma
port-wine stain
spider angioma
venous lake
petechiae
purpura
ecchymosis
hematoma
polycyclic
zosteriform
basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant melanoma
kaposi sarcoma |
|
|
Term
| what are some common skin lesions |
|
Definition
tinea
measles(rubeola)
german measles(rubella)
chickenpox (varicella)
herpes simplex
psoriasis
contact dermatitis
eczema
impetigo |
|
|
Term
| ** skin TEXTURE is best assessed by the nurse using the dorsal surface of the finger. true or false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the abnormal hair findings |
|
Definition
seborrhea
tinea capititis
alopecia areata
infection (folliculitis, furuncles)
hirsutism |
|
|
Term
| what are the abnormal nail findings |
|
Definition
spoon nails
paranychia(infection of the cuticle)
onycholysis(separation of the nail bed)
beaus line
splinter hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| when assessing edema, the nurse notes that a result of _____ indicates mild edema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when you have a decrease in mobility from doing the skin fold that is usually |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| **the nurse observes that a 35 year old client skin is dry, rough and scaly. the nurse would suspect this may be related to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the nurse observes the presence of patchy, milk-white areas on the african american clients hands and face. the nurse would document this finding as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do pregnant woman have an increase or decrease of secretion of sweat glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| **a 5 year old child is brought by the parents to the clinic. the parent expresses worry that the child has areas of hair loss. the nurse would ask if the child? |
|
Definition
| has a pet such as a dog or a cat |
|
|
Term
| **an 18 yr old client visits the clinic and verbalizes feelings of weakness. the clients skin color is pale and the nails are pale and slightly concave. the nurse should further assess the client for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flat
nonpalpable
changes in skin color
smaller than 1 cm
circumscribed border |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flat
nonpalpable
changes in skin color
larger than 1 cm
irregular borders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elevated
solid
palpable masses
smaller than 0.5 cm
circumscribed border |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elevated
solid
palpable masses
groups of papules that form lesions larger than 0.5 cm
circumscribed border |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elevated
solid, hard or soft
palpable masses
deeper into the dermis than a papule
0.5 cm-2 cm
circumscribed border |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elevated
solid, hard or soft
palpable masses
extending deeper into the dermis than a papule
larger than 2 cm
irregular borders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elevated
fluid-filled
round or oval-shaped
palpable masses
thin, translucent walls
smaller than 0.5 cm
circumscribed borders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elevated
fluid-filled
round or oval shaped
palpable masses
thin, translucent walls
larger than 0.5 cm
circumscribed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elevated
reddish area
irregular border caused by diffuse fluid in tissues rather than free fluid in a cavity as in vesicles
size varies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elevated
pus-filled
circumscribed border
size varies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elevated
encapsulated
fluid-filled or semisolid mass
originating in the subcutaneous tissue or dermis
usually 1 cm or larger |
|
|
Term
| what are the risks for melanoma |
|
Definition
personal or family history of melanoma
presence of moles that are atypical in growth or appearance and the presence of more than 50 moles |
|
|
Term
| bright red, raised lesion about 2 to 10 cm in diameter. it does not blanch with pressure. it is usually present at birth or within a few months of birth. typically, it disappears by age 10. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the cause of hemangioma |
|
Definition
| a cluster of immature capillaries |
|
|
Term
| flat, irregularly shaped lesion ranging in color from pale red to deep purple-red. color deepens with exertion, emotional response, or exposure to extremes of temperature. it is present at birth and typically does not fade |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the cause of port-wine stain |
|
Definition
| a large, flat mass of blood vessels on the skin surface |
|
|
Term
| where is the location/distribution of hemangioma |
|
Definition
| can appear on any part of the body |
|
|
Term
| where is the localization/distribution of port-wine stain |
|
Definition
| most commonly appears on the face and head but may occur in other sites |
|
|
Term
| what is the location of the hemangioma? |
|
Definition
| can appear on any part of the body |
|
|
Term
| what is the location of port-wine stain? |
|
Definition
| most commonly appears on the face and head but may occur in other sites |
|
|
Term
| flat, bright red dot with tiny radiating blood vessels ranging in size from a pinpoint to 2 cm. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does spider angioma branch with pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the cause of spider angioma |
|
Definition
| telangiectasis(vascular dilation) caused by elevated estrogen levels, pregnancy, estrogen therapy, vitamin B deficiency or liver disease or it may not be pathologic |
|
|
Term
| what is the locatization/distribution of spider angioma |
|
Definition
| most commonly appears on the upper half of the body |
|
|
Term
| does hemangioma blanch with pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| flat, red or purple rounded "freckles" approximately 1-3 mm in diameter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| minute hemorrhages resulting from fragile cappillaries, ______ are caused by septicemias, liver disease or vitamin C or K deficiency. they may also be caused by anticoagulant therapy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the localization/distribution of petechiae |
|
Definition
| most commonly appear on the dependent surfaces of the body (e.g. back, back, buttocks) but may occur elsewhere on the body. in the client with dark skin, the lesions may be seen in the oral mucosa and conjunctivae |
|
|
Term
| flat, reddish blue, irregularly shaped extensive patches of varying size |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bleeding, disorders, scurvy, and capillary fragility in the older adult(senile purpura) cause _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| flat, irregularly shaped lesions of varying size with no pulsation. in light skin, it begins as a bluish purple mark that changes to greenish yellow. in brown skin, it varies from blue to deep purple. in black skin, it appears as a darkened area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does ecchymosis blanch wiht pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| release of blood from superficial vessels into surrounding tissue due to trauma, hemophilia, liver disease, or defiency of vitamin C or K causes _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ecchymosis localization/distribution is where |
|
Definition
| occurs anywhere on the body at the site of trauma or presure |
|
|
Term
| raised, irregularly shaped lesion similar to an ecchymosis except that it elevates the skin and looks like a swelling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a leakage of blood into the skin and subcutaneous tissue as a result of trauma or surgical incision causes ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hematoma localization/distribution can occur |
|
Definition
| anywhere on the body at the site of trauma, pressure or surgical incision |
|
|
Term
| spoon-shaped (koilonychia) ridges may be caused because of a deficiency in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| poor wound healing/decubitius ulcer can be caused because of a defiency in |
|
Definition
| protein, calories, vitamin C, zinc |
|
|
Term
| follicular hyperkeratosis(goosebump flesh) may be caused because of a defiency in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dry, scaly skin may be due to a defiency in |
|
Definition
| vitamin A, essential fatty acids, zinc |
|
|
Term
| photosensitive symmetric rash (pellagra) may be due to a defiency in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bruising(purpura) may be due to a defiency in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pinpoint hemorrhages(petechiae) may be due to a defiency in |
|
Definition
|
|
