Term
| Incretin Modifiers (Dipeptidyl Peptidase Inhibitors: |
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Definition
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Term
Incretin Modifiers (Dipeptidyl Peptidase Inhibitors:
Sitagliptin (Januvia) |
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Definition
↑ insulin release
↑ β cell responsiveness
↓ hepatic glucose production
Slows gastric emptying |
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Term
Incretin Modifiers (Dipeptidyl Peptidase Inhibitors:
Sitagliptin (Januvia) |
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Definition
| GI distress, wt loss, headache, dizziness, jitteriness |
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Term
Incretin Modifiers (Dipeptidyl Peptidase Inhibitors:
Sitagliptin (Januvia) |
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Definition
Subcu injection only.
Give with first bite of each meal. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Amylin Analog:
Pramlintide (Symlin) |
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Definition
↓ glucagon secretion for approx 3 hrs
Slows gastric emptying
↓ appetite by ↑ satiety |
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Term
Amylin Analog:
Pramlintide (Symlin) |
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Definition
| GI distress, headache, anorexia, fatigue, dizziness |
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Term
Amylin Analog:
Pramlintide (Symlin) |
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Definition
Subcu injection only in abdomen or thigh.
Never give in arm. |
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Term
Sulfonylureas:
First-Generation |
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Definition
Tolbutamide (Orinase)
Tolazamide (Tolinase)
Chlorpropamide (Diabinese)
Acetohexamide (Dymelor) |
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Term
Sulfonylureas:
Second Generation |
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Definition
Glipizide (Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL)
Glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase, Micronase)
Glimepiride (Amaryl) |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulate insulin release from β cells |
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Term
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Definition
| GI distress, nervousness, tremors, confusion, aplastic anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia |
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Term
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Definition
| Less risk of prolonged hypoglycemia as duration of action is short |
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Term
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Definition
| Drinking alcohol concurrently may cause hypoglycemia & disulfiram-like reaction (facial flushing, sweating, ↑ P, HA, dyspnea lasting up to 24 hrs). |
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Term
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Definition
| Second generations lower glucose levels with smaller doses, have less drug interactions and longer duration of action |
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Term
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Definition
Given 30 min a.c. breakfast and evening meal.
Monitor CBC. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage) |
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Definition
| ↓ hepatic production of glucose from stored glycogen |
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Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage) |
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Definition
| Enhances insulin sensitivity at tissues |
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Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage) |
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Definition
| Improves glucose transport into cells |
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Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage) |
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Definition
| ↓ absorption of glucose from small intestine |
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Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage) |
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Definition
| GI distress, anorexia, gas, abdominal pain, HA, dizziness, agitation, fatigue. |
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Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage) |
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Definition
| Bitter or metallic taste (will subside). |
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Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage) |
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Definition
| Hold metformin 48 hrs before or after diagnostic studies in which iodinated contrast dye is used . |
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Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage) |
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Definition
| Give with meals to ↓ GI effects. |
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Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage) |
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Definition
| Monitor CBC, renal & hepatic function tests periodically. |
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Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage) |
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Definition
| Contraindicated in renal insufficiency. |
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Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage) |
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Definition
| Avoid alcohol to ↓ risk of lactic acidosis. |
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Term
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Definition
Repaglinide (Prandin)
Neteglinide (Starlix) |
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Term
Meglitinides:
Repaglinide (Prandin)
Neteglinide (Starlix) |
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Definition
| ↑ insulin release from pancreas |
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Term
Meglitinides:
Repaglinide (Prandin)
Neteglinide (Starlix) |
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Definition
| GI distress, rhinitis, bronchitis, HA, arthralgia, back pain, paresthesia |
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Term
Meglitinides:
Repaglinide (Prandin)
Neteglinide (Starlix) |
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Definition
Given 30 min a.c.
Contraindicated in liver dysfunction. |
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Term
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Definition
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Rosiglitazone (Avandia) |
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Term
Thiazolidinediones:
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Rosiglitazone (Avandia) |
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Definition
| ↑ insulin sensitivity, transport, & utilization at target tissues |
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Term
Thiazolidinediones:
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Rosiglitazone (Avandia) |
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Definition
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Term
Thiazolidinediones:
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Rosiglitazone (Avandia) |
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Definition
| HA, pain, myalgia, infections, fatigue, rhinitis, URIs, liver dysfunction, fluid retention and edema, wt gain |
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Term
Thiazolidinediones:
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Rosiglitazone (Avandia) |
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Definition
| Avoid if patient in heart failure. |
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Term
Thiazolidinediones:
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Rosiglitazone (Avandia) |
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Definition
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Term
Thiazolidinediones:
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Rosiglitazone (Avandia) |
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Definition
| Reduces effectiveness of oral contraceptives (consider higher dose or alternative contraception) |
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Term
| α-Glucosidase Inhibitors: |
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Definition
Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol (Glyset) |
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Term
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors:
Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol (Glyset) |
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Definition
| Slows digestion of CHO in small intestine |
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Term
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors:
Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol (Glyset) |
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Definition
| GI distress, gas, abdominal pain, weakness, dizziness, drowsy, HA, anemia, wt loss, ↑ liver function levels |
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Term
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors:
Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol (Glyset) |
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Definition
| Use with caution with hepatic dysfunction. Monitor H&H, CBC, liver function tests. |
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Term
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors:
Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol (Glyset) |
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Definition
| Digoxin levels are lowered when concurrent. |
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Term
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors:
Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol (Glyset) |
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Definition
| Take at first bite with each meal. |
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Term
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors:
Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol (Glyset) |
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Definition
| Does not cause hypoglycemia. |
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