Term
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Definition
| occurs when there is an imbalance between mucosal defensive factors and aggressive factors. |
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Term
| The major defensive factors |
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Definition
| mucus , bicarbonate, blood flow and prostaglandins |
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Term
| The major aggressive factors |
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Definition
| H. pylori, NSAIDs, gastric acid, and pepsin |
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Term
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Definition
| secreted continually by cells of the GI tract, forming a barrier that protects underlying cells from attack by acid and pepsin. |
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Term
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Definition
| is secreted by epithelial cells of the stomach and duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| remains trapped in mucus layer where it serves to neutralize any hydrogen ions that penetrate the mucus |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by the pancreas is secreted into lumen of duodenum where it neutralizes acid delivered from the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| Sufficient blood flow to cells of GI mucosa is essential for maintaining mucosal integrity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduction in submucosal blood flow causes ischemia which leads to cell injury , thereby increasing vulnerability to attack by acid and pepsin |
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Term
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Definition
| These compounds stimulate secretion of mucus and bicarbonate and promote vasodilation which improves blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| suppress secretion of gastric acid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram negative bacillus that can colonize stomach and duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| This organism takes up residence in space between epithelial cells and mucus barrier and therefore can escape destruction by acid and pepsin |
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Term
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Definition
H. pylori can remain in GI tract for decades.
H. pylori causes PUD by degrading the mucus layer and by injuring mucosal cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Underlying cause of many gastric ulcers and some duodenal ulcers |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibit byosynthesis of prostaglandins, which leads to decreased submucosal blood flow, suppression of secretion of mucus and bicarbonate, and increased secretion of gastric acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Gastric acid is an absolute requirement for peptic ulcer formation |
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Term
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Definition
| acid directly injures cells of GI mucosa |
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Term
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Definition
| activates pepsin, a proteolytic enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteolytic enzyme present in gastric juice. |
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Term
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Definition
| It can injure unprotected cells of gastric and duodenal mucosa |
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Term
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Definition
| delays ulcer healing and increases risk of recurrence |
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Term
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Definition
| reduces beneficial effects of anti-ulcer medications, reduces secretion of bicarbonate |
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Term
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Definition
| accelerates gastric emptying which delivers more acid to duodenum. |
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