Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| prevent ventricular remodeling and slow heart failure |
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Term
| With Ischemia cardiac cells are viable for ____ minutes |
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Definition
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Term
| In assessment: PQRST means |
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Definition
P - precipitating events Q - quality of pain R- Radiation of Pain S- Severity (1-10) T- Timing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| After an MI ________ _________ is the #1 most common lethal dysrhythmia |
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Definition
ventricular fibrillation (Check ST segment! For changes) |
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Term
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Definition
Treats ACS and Stops unstable angina decreases preload and decreases afterload increases oxygen supply in heart |
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Term
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Definition
| myoglobin is 1st released into blood after an MI |
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Term
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Definition
via Twave inversion ST segment depression |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When heart can't pump effectviely to meet demands, HF occurs |
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Term
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Definition
Edema Weight gain Tachypnea Palpitations |
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Term
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Definition
Ted hose Rest Oxygen Diuretics (furosemide) Inotropics (Digoxin) Vasodilators (Nitro) Ace |
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Term
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Definition
ECG --> shows ischemia, tachy; Endocardiogram --> shows cause and severity; Labs (BNP inc) --> indicates HF CXR --> show heartmegaly or pleural effusion; PAP --> shows pulmonary artery; wedge pressure |
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Term
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Definition
fatigue extertional, paroxysnal and nocturnal dyspneas jugular vein distention hepatomegaly |
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Term
| MI (an acute coronous syndrome) results from? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
constant crushing sternal pain that radiates up left arm to jaw Major: impending doom |
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Term
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Definition
thrombo (clot drugs) antiarrhymics IV atropine (bradycardias or blocks) IV morphine Betas - dec workload antiplt drugs |
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Term
| #1 Problem after MI for the 1st 48 hrs? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
12 lead ECG --> shows ST seg depression or elevation and Q waves CK and CK-MB shows muscle fractions Triponin: #1 test |
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Term
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Definition
pacemaker O2 cannula CaBG, PTCA, Stents, Card Cath Revasc, therapy within 1h of symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
age DM Fats and Triglicerides Hypertension Obesity Smoking Cocaine and speed |
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Term
MI Define ST and NON-ST Types |
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Definition
ST seg is clot in artery NON ST segment elevation is narrowing of artery |
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Term
| HF Diet is Low particularly in _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Restrictive Cardiomyopathy |
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Definition
impairs diastolic filling and stretch Tx: treat HF and dysrthmias |
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Term
| Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy affects what? |
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Definition
| Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (No Dilation) |
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Term
| Causes of Secondary Cardiomyopathy |
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Definition
HTN Drugs Musc Dist Stenosis Thrombus Long LIst... |
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Term
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Definition
| we know causes and it always comes with another disease |
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Term
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Definition
unknown cause (idiopathic) affects ONLY heart muscle |
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Term
| CMP is a grp of disease that: |
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Definition
| affects function and structure of myocardium |
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Term
| The heart's most vunerable after ____ days after MI |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Middle ages sex is equal to |
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Definition
| climbing 2 flights of stairs |
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Term
| patient teaching: exercise tips |
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Definition
FITT 3-5 min warm-up F- frequency 5x/week I -Intensity don't exceed 20bpm over resing HR T- Type walking, etc T- time 30-60min |
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Term
| 1 metabolic equivalent (MET) is |
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Definition
amount of O2 needed by body at rest 3-6 METS is normal for discharge |
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Term
| Cardiac Rehab includes 6 areas |
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Definition
physiologic psychologic mental spiritual ecomonic vocational |
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Term
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Definition
acute pain r/t ischemia AEB severe chest pain anxiety r/t perceived death AEB statements Ineffective tissue perfussion r/t MI AEB dysrhythmias, pulmonary edema, perfussion edema |
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Term
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Definition
| Coronary Artery Bypass Graft |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| after MI, discuss nutrition |
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Definition
| NPO, then diet is advanced to low salt, low fat, low cholesterol diet |
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Term
| After MI stool softners, WHy? |
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Definition
| predisposed constipation r/t opiods and bed rest |
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Term
| Morphine does what (r/t MI) |
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Definition
alleviates pain vasodilator dec heart O2 consumption dec BP and HR |
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Term
| What are serum cardiac markers |
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Definition
proteins released into blood after MI from necrotic tissue *TRIPONIN AND CK |
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Term
| WHy is collateral circulation important if you have an MI |
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Definition
in older people, more collateral younger inc likelihood of more serious impairments r/t less collateral circulation |
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Term
| If an MI or ischemia exists, it takes _____ for the whole heart muscle to become necrosed |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
sustained ischemia resulting in permanent cell death |
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Term
| distinguish unstable angina from others |
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Definition
| irregular pattern of onset; fast progression |
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Term
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Definition
| mesh like material that holds vein/ artery open |
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Term
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Definition
dilate perfussion blood vessels (dec pooling, dec blood return to heart, LOWERS HEART WORKLOAD) dilates arteries and collateral vessels (inc blood to ischemic areas |
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Term
| nicotin stimulates vaso______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ischemia without symptoms (common DM) |
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Term
| What is chronic stable angina |
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Definition
intermittent chest pain over long perioud with pattern of onset feels like chest pressure/ suffocating for 3-5 min PREDICTABLE |
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Term
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Definition
| reversible myocardial ischemia |
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Term
| WHen demand for O2 exceeds supply ______ ______ occurs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Elderly exercise recommendation |
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Definition
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Term
| Drugs dec cholesterol absorbtion (for hyperlipidemia) |
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Definition
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Term
| # route of lipoprotein elimination |
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Definition
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Term
| drugs or foods that lower cholesterol |
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Definition
STATINS (Lipitor) SE: should muscle pain, weakness NIACINS: dec LDLS and Triglycerides; inc HDLS SE: itch, flush, orthostatic hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
flounder rice broccoli strawberries water |
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Term
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Definition
lean roast beef wheat bun tomtato pasta salad apple unsweetened iced tea |
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Term
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Definition
oatmeal melon OJ coffee with skim |
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Term
| reg exercise attributes to a ____% in bp |
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Definition
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Term
| Nursing areas to ask/check re: CAD risk in pt |
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Definition
family hx cardiovascular symptoms diet and exercise tobacco use/other stress level current meds edu (for future teaching) |
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Term
| T/F Homocystiene contributes to atherosclerosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain inactivity and CAD |
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Definition
#4 major cause of CAD Recommended 5x 30min/week |
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Term
| name 3 types of cholesterol lipids |
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Definition
HDL --> more protein /less fat LDLs --> more cholesterol VLDLs --> worst cholesterol and triglycerides (deposit directly on artery walls) |
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Term
| familial hypercholesterolemia |
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Definition
| high cholesterol, inc LDL for life, #1 cause of CAD |
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Term
| Heart disease kills 10x more women than breast cancer |
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Definition
| CAD is inc in men until age 60 then = to women |
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Term
| major risk factors of CAD |
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Definition
serum lipids hypertension tobacco inactivity obesity |
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Term
| explain modifiable and nonmodifiable |
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Definition
non- MOD - gender, ethnicity, age mod --> diet, smoking |
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Term
| explain collateral circulation |
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Definition
causes: (1) predisposition (2) chronic slow ischemia *alternate connections are formed (bypass dead areas) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| CAD causes more deaths in |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| narrow of arteries; fatty inside |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| major sources of saturated fats and cholesterol |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 controler of cardiac system |
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Definition
ANS SNS PNS Baro & chemoreceptors |
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