Term
| The innermost lining of the peripheral blood vessels is the: |
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Definition
| is called the tunica intima. It is one layer thick allowing rapid diffusion of blood gasses to and from the tissue. |
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Term
| Blood from the coronary veins empties into the: |
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Definition
| they drain into the right atrium. |
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Term
| Which valves are open during systole? |
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Definition
| The aortic and pulmonic valves are open during systole - allowing the heart to eject blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery. |
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Term
| The muscular layer of the peripheral blood vessel is called the: |
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Definition
| Is called the tunica media, consisting of elastic fibers and muscule tissue. Allowing for strength and recoil to compensate for the change in pressures. |
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Term
| Poiseuille's law states that blood flow through a vessel is most dependent on the: |
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Definition
| diameter of the vessel. It is directly proportional to the fourth power of the vessel's diamter. Meaning slight increase in diameter, large increase in flow. |
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Term
| Poiseuille's law states that blood flow through a vessel is most dependent on the: |
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Definition
| diameter of the vessel. It is directly proportional to the fourth power of the vessel's diamter. Meaning slight increase in diameter, large increase in flow. |
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Term
| Up to a point, the greater the preload the greater the... |
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Definition
| contractile force. According to Starlings law, the greater the preload the greater the contractile force. |
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Term
| What is another name for preload? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is preload dependent upon? |
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Definition
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Term
| The sympathetic nervous system innervates the heart via which receptors? |
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Definition
| Beta 1 - these receptors cause a change in rate, force of contraction and conductivity. |
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Term
| What is the primary parasympathetic nerve that innervates the heart? |
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Definition
| The vagus nerve, or cranial nerve X - responsible for regulating its resting rate. |
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Term
| Inotropy has to do with what in the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structures in cardiac tissue are designed to speed conduction from one muscle fiber to the next? |
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Definition
| Intercalated discks connect the fibers, and they're also responsible for transmitting the electrical impulses from one fiber to the next. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of muscle tissue that functions as one unit physiologically. |
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Term
How does a ventricular syncytium function, and why does it function this way? |
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Definition
| It occurs from a inferior to a superior direction in order to push blood into the aorta the the pulmonary arteries. |
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Term
| What is a resting potential? |
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Definition
| It is the normal state of a cell where pumps actively transport sodium out of the cell, causing the interior of a cell to be more negative then the outside. |
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Term
What are the lead placements for the following according to Einthoven's Triange?
Lead I
Lead II
Lead III |
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Definition
- Lead I - Left Arm Positive, Right Arm Negative
- Lead II - Left Leg Positive, Right Arm Negative
- Lead III - Left Leg Positive, Left Arm Negative
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Term
| On ECG strip paper, two large boxes in the vertical direction signifies what? |
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Definition
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Term
What does a T Wave represent in an ECG? |
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Definition
| It represents ventricular repolarization. |
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Term
| What is significant of the absolute refractory period? |
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Definition
| It is a segment of time when the heart can not depolarize. |
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Term
| What is the triplicate method? |
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Definition
| The distance between the interval based on the number of boxes between them. The number of boxes corresponds to the following rates: 300, 150, 100, 75, 60 and 50. This is an estimate. |
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Term
| What is the normal P-R Interval? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal QRS complex interval? |
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Definition
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Term
| What class of drug is Procardia XL, and what is another name for it? |
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Definition
It is a calcium channel blocker.
It is also called Nifedipine. |
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Term
| What is the difference between left sided heart failure, and right sided heart failure? |
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Definition
Left sided heart failure is usually associated with the left ventricle. When the left ventricle is no longer an effecient pump, flow is backed up into the pulmonary veins thus caushed edema in the lungs. This leads to rales in the lungs, and shortness of breath.
Right sided heart failure is usually associated with the right atrium. When the right atrium no longer acts as a pump, flow is backed up into the peripheral circulation causing peripheral edema. This leads to swollen ankles, wrists and maybe even JVD. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cor Pulmonale is the abnormal enlargement of the right ventricle usually due to some disease in the lungs. |
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Term
| What class of drug is Cardizem and what is another name for it? |
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Definition
| It is a calcium channel blocker, and it is also called Diltiazem. |
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Term
| What is a probable cause of SVT? |
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Definition
It is caused by increased automaticity of a single atrial focus or by reentry phenomena at the AV node. |
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Term
| For a patient with V-tach wiith a pulse, who is hemodynamically unstable, what is the imimediate treatment? |
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Definition
| Immediate Synchronized Cardioversion |
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