Term
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Definition
Continental Margins
Deep Ocean Basins
Mid-Ocean Ridges |
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Term
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Definition
| not associated with plate boundaries and thus are not associated with earthquakes and volcanoes. |
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Definition
| occur where oceanic crust (lithosphere) is being sub-ducted beneath the edge of a continent and are associated with earthquakes and volcanism. |
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Definition
| consists of a gentle slope extending from the shoreline to the deep-ocean basin in passive continental margin. |
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Definition
| occurs on the seaward edge of the continental shelf. |
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Definition
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Definition
| are long, relatively narrow features that form the deepest parts of the ocean. |
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Definition
| sediments from the seafloor and pieces of oceanic crust are scraped from the descending plate and plastered against the edge of the overriding continent. |
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Definition
| are created when sand and mud on continental shelf are dislodged. |
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Definition
| steep-sided valley cut into the continental slope. |
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Definition
| occur on may abyssal plains - especially in the Pacific Ocean. |
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Definition
| Dotting the deep-ocean floor are isolated volcanic peaks. |
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Definition
| submerged, flat-topped seamounts. |
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Term
| Two main sources of sediment: |
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Definition
turbidities
sediment that settles out from the water column |
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Term
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Definition
Terrigenous
Biogenous
Hydrogenous |
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Definition
| mineral grains that were weathered from continental rocks and transported to the ocean. |
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Definition
| shells and skeletons of marine organisms. |
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Definition
| minerals that crystallize directly from seawater. |
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Definition
| New Ocean Crust Forming (Basaltic Composition) |
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Definition
| The mid-ocean ridge is broken into segments that are offset by large |
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Definition
| The patterns on the waves in the ocean |
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| Surface circulation deflected by the.. |
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Definition
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Definition
| friction of wind on surface of water causes waves to develop. |
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Definition
crests
troughs
wave height
wave length
wave period |
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Definition
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Definition
| develops in the surf region and can move large quantities of material. |
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Definition
| originate by the cutting action of the surf against the base of coastal land. |
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Definition
| A relatively flat, bench-like surface is left behind. |
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Definition
| form by wave erosion of coastal headlands. |
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Definition
| are blocks of erosion-resistant rock isolated from the land by sea. |
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Definition
| A long, relatively narrow island running parallel to the mainland, built up by the action of waves and currents and serving to protect the coast from erosion by surf and tidal surges. |
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Definition
| narrow coastal land formation that is tied to the coast at one end. |
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Definition
| A bar that extends outward from the shore, connecting with an island. |
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Definition
| is a depositional feature as a result of longshore drift. |
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Definition
| involves adding large quantities of sand to the shore system to halt shoreline erosion. |
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Definition
| A structure built to restore an eroding beach, that juts out into a body of water perpendicular to the shoreline. It intercepts longshore drift and traps sand. |
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Definition
| A landing stage or small pier at which boats can dock or be moored. |
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Definition
| A barrier built out into the sea to protect a coast or harbor from the force of waves. |
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Definition
| A protective structure of stone or concrete; extends from shore into the water to prevent a beach from washing away. |
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Definition
| are created when sea level rises or the land subsides. |
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Definition
| develop either because of a drop in sea level or the coast experiences uplift due to tectonic forces. |
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Definition
| occur during full and new moons when the forces of the Moon and Sun are aligned together causing a larger tidal bulge resulting in large tidal variation. |
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Term
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Definition
| occur during the first and third quarters of the Moon, the forces of the Moon and Sun are perpendicular to one another - canceling each other out to a small degree resulting in smaller tidal variation. |
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Term
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Definition
Nitrogen (N)—78%
Oxygen (O2)—21%
Argon and other gases
Carbon dioxide (CO2)—0.036%—absorbs heat energy from Earth |
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Term
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Definition
Up to about 4% of the air's volume
Forms clouds and precipitation
Absorbs heat energy from Earth |
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Term
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Definition
Tiny solid and liquid particles
Water vapor can condense on solids
Reflect sunlight
Help color sunrise and sunset |
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Term
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Definition
Three atoms of oxygen (O3)
Distribution not uniform
Concentrated between 10 to 50 kilometers above the surface
Absorbs harmful UV radiation
Human activity is depleting ozone by adding chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) |
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Term
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Definition
decrease temp. with increase in altitude (environmental
lapse rate) |
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Definition
| temp. increases with increase altitude above ozone layer |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in temp. with increase in altitude |
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Term
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Definition
Rotates on its axis
Revolves around the Sun |
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Term
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Definition
Result of
Changing Sun angle
Changing length of daylight |
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Term
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Definition
June 21–22
Sun's vertical rays are located at the tropic of Cancer (23½° N latitude) |
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Term
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Definition
December 21–22
Sun's vertical rays are located at the tropic of Capricorn (23½° S latitude) |
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Definition
September 22–23
Sun's vertical rays are located at the equator (0° latitude) |
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Definition
March 21–22
Sun's vertical rays are located at the equator (0° latitude) |
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Term
| Visible Light in Electromagnetic Spectrum: |
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Definition
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Term
| Differential heating of land and water |
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Definition
Land heats more rapidly than water
Land gets hotter than water
Land cools faster than water
Land gets cooler than water |
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Definition
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| To change state, heat must be |
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Definition
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Definition
Liquid is changed to gas
600 calories per gram of water are added—Called latent heat of vaporization |
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Term
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Definition
Water vapor (gas) is changed to a liquid
Heat energy is released—Called latent heat of condensation |
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Definition
Solid is changed to a liquid
80 calories per gram of water are added—called latent heat of melting |
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Definition
Liquid is changed to a solid
Heat is released—called latent heat of fusion |
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Term
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Definition
Solid is changed directly to a gas (e.g., ice cubes shrinking in a freezer)
680 calories per gram of water are added |
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Term
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Definition
Water vapor (gas) changed to a solid (e.g., frost in a freezer compartment)
Heat is released |
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Term
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Definition
| Water vapor in the air changes to a liquid and forms dew, fog, or clouds |
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Term
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Definition
Made of millions and millions of
Minute water droplets, or
Tiny crystals of ice |
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Term
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Definition
Cirrus—High, white, thin
Cumulus—Globular cloud masses often asso-ciated with fair weather
Stratus—Sheets or layers that cover much of the sky |
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Term
| Classification based on height |
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Definition
High clouds—Above 6000 meters
Types include cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus
Middle clouds—2000 to 6000 meters
Types include altostratus and altocumulus
Low clouds—Below 2000 meters
Types include stratus, stratocumulus, and nimbostratus (nimbus means "rainy")
Vertical Development |
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Term
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Definition
Advection fog—Warm, moist air moves over a cool surface
Radiation fog
Earth's surface cools rapidly
Forms during cool, clear, calm nights
Steam fog
Cool air moves over warm water and moisture is added to the air
Water has a steaming appearance |
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