Believability

·

Non-verbal messages are

important because they are more

believable than verbal messages.

They are also the primary mode of:

Expressing emotion

Creating/managing impressions

Communicating messages of attraction, liking, distance and dominance

Reading Someone

· Difficult, if not impossible to read someone like a book.

Non-Verbal Communication

can have many meanings, you can’t rely too heavily on one cue

Packages/clusters

· Instead of focusing on one cue, focus on many that come in common clusters

Percentage of social meaning derived from non-verbal behaviors?

60%-65%

Factual or Persuasive Messages

Verbal messages, not non-verbal account for most of the meaning.

Emotion, Forming Impressions, Communicating relational messages

Primarily non-verbal

believability; inconsistent/contradictory messages

People tend to focus on non-verbal communication, and become aware when the non-verbal and verbal cues don't match up.

Visual Channel vs. Verbal Channel

People usually pay more attention to visual channel

Definition:

Non-Verbal Communication

Nonverbal communication includes all the messages other than words that people exchange in interactive contexts.

The non-verbal behavior must be a message

Def. of message?

A behavior that is typically sent with intent and must be interperted by others as meaning something.

Types of winking and def.

1.) Winking at someone

2.) Unconscious blinking

3.) Blinking rapidly to hold back tears or to in attempt to hide feelings

Role of Intent in communication:

1 Whether or not the sender intends to send the message

2 Whether or not the reciever pays attention and interperts the message

3 Whether the reciever's interpertation is accurate

Def. of code (channel)

Organized message systems consisting of a set of symbols and rules for their use.

Def. of function:

What a non-verbal message does and why is was sent

List of non-verbal functions

(1)

Creating first impressions

List of non-verbal functions

(2)

Sending relational messages such as closeness, intimacy and distance

List of non-verbal functions

(3)

Expressing emotion

List of non-verbal functions

(4)

Enabling people to send mixed or deceptative messages

List of non-verbal functions

(5)

Sending messages of power and persuasion

Immediacy Cues:

Behaviors that show others that you are interested in them, involved in the conversation, and feel positively towards them

Primary emotions

Emotions that are universal because everyone feels them. They include:

happiness, fear, anger, sadness, disgust and surprise

Emotional Blends

Occur when more than one basic emotion is expressed at the same time

Display rules

Rules people follow to help manage their emotion

Def of Context:

The place or situation in which non-verbal messages are communicated. Ex:

Cultural, Relational, or situational elements

Culture and rules

Different cultures have different rules

Relational Context

Depending on your relationship with the person you are communicating with, you will have a different set of rules to follow

Situation and Environment

How do they play a role in non-com?

There are countless factors that effect the way different actions are percieved to us.

Ex: intimacy alone Vs. in public

Code 1

Physical Appearace - How you look

Code 2

Olfactics - how you smell

Code 3

Kinesics - body language and facial movement

Code 4

Vocalics - One's tone of voice

Code 5

Proxemics - how we inhabit and protect our territory

Code 6

Haptics - Reffers to touch or tactile communication

Code 7

Chronemics - the use of time as a communication code

Code 8

Environmental features - changing the environment in a particular way to effect the way people interact/communicate

Packages or cluster

The idea that various codes from various channels may work together to form a nonverbal function.

Functional approach to non-verbal behavior

Stresses on the outcomes of nonverbal behavior, not necessarily the codes.

Nonverbal adaptation

Where one person changes their behavior to be more alike or different someone elses

reciprocity or convergance

When people change their behavior to become LESS similar, one of these occur

compensation or divergence

Immediacy

Cues that creat physical or psychological closeness:

Behaviors such as touch, smiling, and close distance

Involvement

Cues that tell someone that you are actively enguaged in conversation with them.

Behaviors include touch, close distances, foward lean, and gaze.

Predictitave Expectancies

What we expect to happen based on what usually occurs.

Prescriptive Expectancies

These tell us what to expect based on what is appropriate or desired.

Expectancy confirming behavior

When people do what we expect them to. We normally OVERLOOK this behavior.

Expectancy violating behavior

When someone does something that we don't expect. We DO tend to take notice of situations like this.