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| - A feast which commemorates the Jews living in tents on their journey from Egypt to Israel; a joyous feast. This is important to the study of the New Testament because the journey from Egypt is a major event in the Old Testament and creates an identity for the Jews. |
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| A feast which celebrates the end of the wheat harvest. This is important to the study of the New Testament because it is a feast that the Jews (including Jesus) observed. |
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| - A feast which celebrates the Jews leaving Egypt (the Exodus) and marks the beginning of the wheat harvest. This is important to the study of the New Testament because it was during the Passover feast that the Last Supper was held. |
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| - A day set aside for national repentance, fasting, and atonement. This is important to the study of the New Testament because after Jesus’ death negated the need for this day. |
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| A feast celebrating the deliverance of the Jews during the time of Esther. |
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| A feast celebrating the rededication of the temple by Judas Maccabeus. This is important to the study of the New Testament because when Jesus died the temple was rededicated in him because he became our temple. |
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| The Babylonian captivity (or Babylonian exile) was the period in Jewish history during which the Jews of the ancient Kingdom of Judah were captives in Babylon |
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| The beginning of the Persian Period, Jews were allowed to return to Jerusalem if they wanted. This is important to the study of the New Testament because the Jews were allowed to return to their homes. |
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| The beginning of the Greek Period, was conquered by Alexander the Great but at his death the empire was divided among his four generals. This is important to the study of the New Testament because it helps us understand the exchange of the holy land into the different hands. |
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Administration of Herod the Great(paranoid dude)
(we don’t use Jew to describe children till after Babylonian) |
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| Like the Pharisees; some lived in communities where no one owned property but it belonged to the community. This is important to the study of the New Testament because they created the Dead Sea Scrolls. |
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| A group of Jews who wielded political power; thought they were more righteous then others. This is important to the study of the New Testament because in Jesus’ teachings he said not to be like them. |
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| 18) Am Ha-Aretz (People of the Land) |
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| )- The rest of the Jews not a part of the other sects; the common people. This is important to the study of the New Testament because although the Pharisees help them in contempt, Jesus associated with them. |
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| A group of people who wanted to overthrow the Roman Empire. They refused to pay taxes. This is important to the study of the New Testament because they were part of the revolt that destroyed the temple in A.D. 70. |
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| - The spread of the Greek culture throughout the Middle East. This is important to the study of the New Testament because it set the background for the time of Jesus. |
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| the title of various officials of the Roman Empire |
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| One of the names for the family that lead the revolt against the Syrians taken from the great-grandfather of the man (Mattathias) who started the revolt. This is important to the study of the New Testament because this family lead the way to free the Jews from the Syrians |
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| The spread of the Jewish nation throughout the Middle East. This is important to the study of the New Testament because it tells us how the Jews became spread out during Paul’s trips. |
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| is a branch of Orthodox Judaism that promotes spirituality and joy through the popularisation and internalisation of Jewish mysticism as the fundamental aspects of the Jewish faith. |
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| teaching and learning of the tradition |
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| A group of people who vied for the land of Palestine. After many failed attempts, they finally succeeded when Egypt fell. This is important to the study of the New Testament because in order to understand the culture of the New Testament you need to know all the hands the land passed through. |
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| Refers to the standard set for the books of the New Testament. This is important to the study of the New Testament because it helped create the New Testament we have come to know. |
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| The second name for the family that lead the revolt against the Syrians taken from the name given to one of the sons (means “the hammer”). This is important to the study of the New Testament because this family lead the way to free the Jews from the Syrians. |
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| The belief that anything made of matter is evil. This is important to the study of the New Testament because many who believed in Gnosticism didn’t believe Jesus was the Son of God; they said that no one made of flesh could be a part of God. |
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| is literature specifically designed to have symbolic and visual aspects allowed individuals to be educated on the end of Earth and the coming of the kingdom of God. It encouraged Jewish people to endure their persecution for the soon to come kingdom. |
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| manuscripts of Jesus that were recorded outside of the gospel. |
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| The main language of the West and the legal language of the Roman empire |
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| was used in the West, not as much as Latin, but in the East was the dominated language. |
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| was the traditional Hebrew’s sister language that was used during the exile. |
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| The main material used to record most of the New Testament, and was made from a papyrus plant. |
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| The process by which existing writings are erased, or scraped off, and other writings are scribed on top of the same material. |
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| When books are produced by mass production. The mass production was performed by having one individual read aloud the text while others copied down the information on writing material. |
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| An oral paraphrases into Aramaic that were not only traditional, but interpretive and imaginative unlike the Old Testament |
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| was a popular and modern style where the pages of the book are bound together. |
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| Parchment is composed of flattened animal skin that is used as writing material |
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| writing material that is made of the flattened skin of a calf. |
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| The earliest witness of canonical use of the gospels. |
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| was the first individual to use the New Testament as a collection of books. |
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| practiced Gnosticism and was the first to put together a list of books that followed their canon. was the first to enact canonization. |
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| Required soldiers to go to homes and take all copies of the New Testaments from families. |
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| - It was a list of books that was found in Italy that listed the books practiced by the Church of Rome. |
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| Early Christian Bishop that listed the books he thought was Christian scripture. He was the first to name the 27 books in New Testament. |
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| These books were the most useful towards the church and applied to individuals’ daily lives. |
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| was a paranoid Roman ruler that sought to protect his throne, the welfare of his people, and the spread of Greek culture. |
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| spread of ancient Greek culture. |
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| is the standard or measurement that refers to the books accepted by the Church that supported their religious belief and conducts. |
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| was a German Protestant theologian, best known for his leading work on the Greek language used in the New Testament, which he showed was the koine, or commonly used tongue of the Hellenistic world of that time. |
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| "Hellenistic common Language” |
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| First Books of New Testament |
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| First and 2nd Thessalonians, possibly Galatians, and James |
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| Latest Books of New Testament |
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| Gospel of John, Johannine Epistles, Revelation |
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| is a majuscule script (written entirely in capital letters) commonly used from the 3rd to 8th centuries AD by Latin and Greek scribes. |
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| a roll of papyrus, parchment, or paper which has been written, drawn or painted upon for the purpose of transmitting information or using as a decoration. |
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| Robert Estienne\Stephanus- |
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| the first to print the Bible divided into standard numbered verses. |
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| Any book written in minuscule script |
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| Impulses for the writing of Gospels- |
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The death of the eye-witnesses
The rapid expansion of the church
The appearance of heresy
The need for apologetic weapons (apology=giving a defense.)
The desire to stablize oral traditions
The threat of persecution (prompt for writing-written to persecuted the romans-on the high grounds of being a christian.) |
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| Marginal writings that were excluded |
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I CLEMENT
THE EPISTLE OF BARNABAS
THE DIDACHE – “THE TEACHING OF THE 12 APOSTLES”
THE SHEPHERD OF HERMAS |
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| Church Councils important for finalizing the new testament canon |
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THE COUNCIL OF HIPPO – A.D. 393 (The Paul wrote Hebrews-but he didn’t! Eastern Church)
THE THIRD COUNCIL OF CARTHAGE – A.D. 397 (Affirm 27 books we have the books today, and that Paul wrote Hebrews) |
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| His religious policy was his treatment of the Jews during their exile in Babylon after Nebuchadnezzar II destroyed Jerusalem. The Jewish Bible's Ketuvim ends in Second Chronicles with the decree of him, which returned the exiles to the Promised Land from Babylon along with a commission to rebuild the temple. |
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| took the side of the Hellenizers by prohibiting the religious practices that the traditionalists had rallied around. This may explain why the king, in a total departure from Seleucid practice in all other places and times, banned the traditional religion of a whole people |
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| was leader of the Hasmonean Dynasty of Judea from 161 to 143 BCE. Third leader of the Judean revolt against the Greco-Syrian empire [166 BCE]. HE was the youngest son of Mattathias. |
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| - was a Macedonian general and a supporter of kings Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great |
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| - He got Gallili and other misc. territory -Philip-gets what’s left over-outside borders of Palestine (He and Philip were half brothers) |
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| - most famous The Roman Procurators – ten in all |
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| Greek king of Macadon By the age of thirty, he had created one of the largest empires of the ancient world, stretching from the Ionian Sea to the Himalayas. He was undefeated in battle and is considered one of history's most successful commanders |
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| Devoted to law and covenant that God made to Israel. They didn’t want political power, they just wanted to serve the way God intended. |
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| The Hasmonean Dynasty, she was the last woman ruler of Judaea, and the last ruler of ancient Judaea to die as the ruler of an independent kingdom. |
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| Herod’s youngest son -gets what’s left over-outside borders of Palestine (Antipas and him were half brothers) |
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| waged a war against the Roman Republic in mainland Greece in autumn of 192 BC[4][5] only to be defeated. |
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| “The Hammer” He led the Maccabean revolt against the Seleucid Empire |
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| was a Hasmonean (Maccabeean) leader of the 2nd century BC. |
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| was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic. |
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| Jerk son of Herod the great |
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| was a King of the Jews during the 1st century AD |
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