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Definition
| Membrane-enclosed (bubble-like) structure containing a NT and found in the synaptic terminal of an axon. |
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| Ends of the axon collaterals; structures specialized for communication with post-synaptic cell. Communicate either with dendrite OR cell body, but more commonly with the dendrite. |
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| Gap b/n communicating cells. Specifically: gap between the synaptic terminal of the presynaptic neuron and the dendritic spine on a dendrite of the postsynaptic neuron. |
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Definition
| A nuerite specialized to conduct/transmit nerve impulses/action potentials (APs), normally away from the soma. |
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| A swelling of the axon where it joins the soma. It is where the axon begins and where the electrical signal is generated. There is only one of these on each neuron. |
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| A branch of the axon. Bifurcation (aka branching) can occur at any point along the axon. Electrical signal will travel down all of these and will be the same strength as when it was produced at the axon hillock. |
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| The space/gap where neurotransmitters (NTs) travel from the presynaptic axon terminal to the postsynaptic dendrite or cell body. |
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Definition
Electrical signal of a neuron.
-> A brief fluctuation in membrane potential caused by the rapid opening and closing of voltage-gated ion channels in the neuron's membrane.
-> aka spike, nerve impulse or discharge.
-> These are caused by depolarization of the membrane beyond threshold. |
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Term
| synaptic bouton/terminal bouton |
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Definition
The end of an axon.
--> aka synaptic terminal
Contains numerous mitochondria, indicating high energy demand. |
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Definition
| A thin tube extending from an neuronal cell body. 2 types are axons and dendrites. |
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Definition
| A neurite specialized to receive synaptic inputs (via neurotransmitters) from other neurons. |
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Definition
| A small sac of membrane that protrudes from the dendrites of some cells and receives synaptic input. |
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Definition
| All the dendrite branches of a single neuron. Also referred to as arborization. |
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Definition
| From cell body (starting at the axon hillock) to synaptic bouton. |
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Definition
Central bulging region of the neuron where the nucleus is found.
--> Another name for cell body or perikaryon |
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Definition
| Centrally located in the cell body. Directs the neuron by giving instructions. |
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Definition
| Phospholipid (fat) bilayer wrapped around the axon, which is seperate from the neuron and speeds up transmission of electrical signal. However, NOT all axons have this. |
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Definition
| Chemicals released from synaptic vessicles via exocytosis, and travel across the synaptic cleft. They then bind to specific receptor proteins, causing the generation of electrical or chemical signals in the postsynaptic cell. |
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Definition
| Process whereby material is released from an intracellular vesicle into the extracellular space by fusion of the vesicle membrane with the cell membrane. |
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Definition
| Process by which a bit of the cell membrane is pinched off, internalized and converted into an intracellular vesicle. |
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| A category of glial cell responsible for waste management of the cell - they scavenge debris left by dead or dying neurons and remove it. Mostly found in the central nervous system (CNS). |
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Definition
| A category of glial cell which provides myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Produces only a single patch of myelin for a single axon. |
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Term
| oligodendroglia/oligodendrocyte |
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Definition
A category of glial cell which provides myelin for myelinated axons in the CNS.
Myelinate multiple targets. If you kill this cell, you kill myelin in a large area. |
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Term
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Definition
A category of glial cell (supports neurons) which is star-shaped.
FUNCTION:
-->regulates the extracellular ionic and chemical environment of the brain.
--> removes waste + brings nutrients
--> creates proper enviro for signal transmission |
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Definition
Cell in the nervous system which support the neurons. There are 4 categories of this type of cell.
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| "branches" or "arms" in Latin |
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| List the 4 categories of glial cells. |
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Definition
-astrocytes
-microglia
-Schwann cells
-oligodendroglia |
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