Term
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Definition
| where are intermotor neurons found? |
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Term
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Definition
| Walking and step on tac with right foot, flexor tone of left leg is decreased (since left leg will ____) |
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Term
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Definition
| all motor behavior must be expressed through this motor neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| ipsilateral extension leads to contralateral ____ |
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Term
| lateral vestibular nucleus |
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Definition
| lateral vestibulo spinal tract (ipsilateral w/ extensor bias) → excite extensors and it is the 1st reflex for anti-gravity |
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Term
| because no spinal interneuron |
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Definition
| why is the ispsilateral axial extensor bias so powerful |
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Term
| lateral vestibular nucleus |
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Definition
3. Gives rise to ipsilateral (same side) vestibulospinal (comes from vestibular complex and goes to spinal cord) tract
4. Provides ipsilateral extensor bias, especially to axial muscle lower motor neurons |
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Term
| pontine reticulo spinal tract |
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Definition
| - Reticularis pontis oralis/Reticularis pontis caudalis (O/C) give rise to? (3. Ipsilateral extensor bias especially to axial extensor muscle LMN’s) |
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Term
| reticularis gigantocellularis |
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Definition
| this gives rise to the meduallary reticulo spinal tract (bilateral flexor bias)- Overall function = to support us against gravity, is an ipsilateral biased extensor system |
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Term
| pontine reticulo spinal tract |
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Definition
4. No direct input to extensor LMN (lower motor neurons)
This tract is just like the LVST except is has NO direct input on the LMN |
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Term
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Definition
(allows us to do proximal limb flexion)
1. Found near the substatia nigra, upper mesencephalon, superior colliculus
2. Gives rise to the descending contralateral rubrospinal tract, to spinal cord
Flexor biased, especially to proximal limb muscle LMN
3. Runs lateral, goes into the ventral grey, to interneuron, + F – E |
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Term
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Definition
| Area 4 (found in the precentral gyrus, primary motor cortex) |
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Term
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Definition
| Contralateral, flexor biased system, especially distal limb flexor LMNs |
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Term
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Definition
found in lamina 5 of area 4
• Multipolar cells, pyramid shaped
• Give rise to corticospinal tract through the corona radiate and come together in the internal capsule. |
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Term
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Definition
| giant paraminal cell in lamina 5 of area 4 (only place you find these types of cells)and are always used for fine motor control (no spinal interneuron) |
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Term
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Definition
| globus and putamin that make up the basal ganglia |
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Term
| anterior limb of the internal capsule |
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Definition
| found b/t lenticular nucleus and thalamus/caudate |
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Term
| anterior cortical spinals |
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Definition
| do not cross in the paraminal decesation (found in the lower medulla just above C1) BUT they do cross, in the anterior white commissure at the level of innervation |
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Term
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Definition
| this is made up of the Colliculi – superior and inferior(roof of the mesencephalon) |
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Term
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Definition
| this tract is descending, crossed |
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Term
| medial longitudinal fasciculus |
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Definition
most complicated tract, bilateral, bidirectional, ascends, descends, crossed, uncrossed, double crossed – eye movements
4. No bias ex/ bright light flash on right, turn right
Coordinate body and eye movement in response to sound or light |
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Term
| Lateral vestibular spinal tract |
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Definition
| which is the highest UMN that is disinhibited that drives spinal LMN |
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Term
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Definition
| if you have decorticate rigidity what structure is going to be affected the most? |
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Term
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Definition
| spastic paralysis, hyperreflexia, spasticity, clonus, and babinski sign are all indications of what type of lesion |
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Term
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Definition
| flaccid paralysis, atropy, hyporeflexia, fasiculations are all indications of what type of lesion |
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Term
| communicating, non-obstructive |
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Definition
| if you have a block in the arachnoid granulations what type of hydrocephalous will you have? |
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Term
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Definition
| worm-like movements of the limbs |
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Term
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Definition
| if you have a lesion in the subthalamus what condition is likely to arise |
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