Term
| What are the functions of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
| Involved in coordination of movements, posture regulation, eye movements, and balance control. |
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Term
| What are the output neurons of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the deep cerebellar nuclei from medial to lateral? |
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Definition
Fastigial
Globose
Emboliform
Dentate |
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Term
| What are the 3 layers of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
| Molecular, Purknje, Granular |
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Term
| What are the cerebellar afferents? |
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Definition
Climbing Fibers
Mossy Fibers |
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Term
| Which fibers originate solely from the inferior olivary complex? |
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Definition
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Term
1) How many climbing fibers does 1 purkinje cell synapse with?
2) How many purkinje fibers does one climbing fiber associate with? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do mossy fibers originate from and what do they form synapse with? |
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Definition
Spinal Cord, Pontine Nuclei, Vestibular Nuclei
Synapse with Granule Cells |
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Term
| What is the sole excitatory cell in the cerebellum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cells types can be found in the cerebellum? |
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Definition
Basket
Stellate
Golgi
Granule
Purkinje |
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Term
| What significance does the interplay between the two afferent systems in the cerebellum have? |
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Definition
| It plays a role in motor plasticity and learning. |
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Term
| What is the circuitry within the cerebellum comprised of, and what do they function to maintain? |
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Definition
The circuitry is comprised of short and long feedback loops which provide constant monitoring on the status of the musculature and the evolving movement.
They are critical for initiating in course corrective responses when necessary. |
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Term
| What is the importance of the Vestibular-Reticular loops in the cerebellum |
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Definition
| Relationship of the vestibular system and reticular formation with the vermis and flocculus and the fastigial nucleus, in the regulation of balance, posture, and eye movements. |
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Term
| What is the significance of the Spinal Cord-Intermediate Cerebellum-Interposed Nuclei-Red Nucleus loop? |
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Definition
| Important for sensory feedforward and feedback systems during evolving movementsand in response to movement perturbations. |
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Term
| What is the function of the Vestibulocerbellar loop? |
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Definition
| Relationship of the vestibular system and reticular formation with the vermis and flocculus and the fastigial nucleus, in the regulation of balance, posture and eye movements. |
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Term
| What is the function of the Spinocerebellar loop? |
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Definition
| Used for sensory feedforward and feedback mechanisms during evolving movements and in response to movement perturbations. |
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Term
| What is the function of the Cerebro-cerebellar loop? |
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Definition
| Intimately involved in motor planning. Has influence over descending pathways that execute movements (CST, Corticorubral, and Corticoreticular pathways) |
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Term
| What is the rating scale for muscle strength? |
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Definition
0 - No Contraction
1 - Muscle Flicker, but no movement
2 - Movement possible, but not against gravity
3 - Movement possible against gravity, but not against resistance of examiner
4 - Movement possible with some resistance by the examiner (4- and 4+ are used to further define)
5 - Normal Strength |
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Term
| What is the rating scale for deep tendon reflexes? |
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Definition
0: absent reflex
1+: trace, or seen only with reinforcement
2+: normal
3+: brisk |
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Term
| What are the localized dermatome patterns? |
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Definition
C4 - shoulders
C6 - thumb
C8 - pinky finger
T1 - forearms
T4 - nipple
T10 - umbilicus
L2 - front of thighs
L4,L5 - calves
S1 - little toe
L5 - big toe
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Term
| What is the function of the Basal Ganglia? |
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Definition
| They are a group of nuclei that control movement and higher order behaviors primarily through direct projections to the thalamus (and subsequently to the cortex). |
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Term
| What structures comprise of the Basal Ganglia? |
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Definition
| Caudate, Lentiform Nucleus, Substantia Nigra, Subthalamic Nucleus |
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Term
| What is the major input area for the Basal Ganglia? |
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Definition
Striatum (Putamen - motor; Caudate - sensory)
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Term
| What is the major output of the basal ganglia? |
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Definition
Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata
Globus Pallidus Interna |
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Term
| What are the 3 major inputs to the Striatum? |
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Definition
1. Thalamus - Intralaminar Nuclei
2. Cerebral Cortex
3. Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta - Dopamine |
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Term
| T/F: The efferent fibers from the Striatum are excitatory in nature. |
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Definition
| False. They are inhibitory with GABA as the neurotransmitter. |
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Term
| Where does the GPe project to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the major outputs from the BG? |
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Definition
Internal GP
Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata |
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Term
Where do the fibers of the Ansa Lenticularis travel from and to?
Lenticular Nucleus? |
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Definition
From GPi to VA
From GPi to VL |
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Term
| What is the only portion of the Basal Ganglia that does not use GABA as a neurotransmitter? |
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Definition
| Subthalamic Nucleus. Uses Glutamate to project to GPi. |
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