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| History of NS Papyri describing brain surgery procedures |
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| Physician, Father of Western medicine, brain is seat of intelligence, didn't dissect |
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| Hippocrates (460-379 B.C.) |
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| Immortal soul (reason) in head, superior mortal soul in heart, inferior in liver |
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| Brain is a radiator that cools overheated blood |
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| proposed fluid-mechanical idea of brain function, discovered ventricles |
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| human mental capacities in MIND not BRAIN, communicate through the pineal gland |
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| Muscles twitch when electrically stimulated, brain generates electricity, nerves like wires |
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| Dorsal roots carry sensory (afferent) |
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| Ventral roots carry motor (efferent) |
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| studied brain function using ablation (birds), brain function not localized |
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| Discovered speech localization w/in cortex |
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| Broca (Broca's aphasia) (1861) |
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| nerve network, nerves fused together, exception to cell theory |
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| Molecular, Cellular, Systems, Behavioral, Cognitive |
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| A progressive degenerative disease of the brain, characterized by dementia and always fatal |
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| A motor disorder caused by damage to the cerebrum at the time of birth |
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| A serious disorder of mood, characterized by insomnia, loss of appetite, and feelings of dejection |
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| A condition characterized by periodic disturbances of brain electrical activity that can lead to seizures, loss of consciousness, and sensory disturbances |
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| A progressive disease that affects nerve conduction, characterized by episodes of weakness, lack of coordination, and speech disturbance |
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| A progressive disease of the brain that leads to difficulty in initiating voluntary movement |
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| A severe psychotic illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and bizarre behavior |
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| A loss of feeling and movement caused by traumatic damage to the spinal cord |
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| A loss of brain function caused by disruption of the blood supply, usually leading to permanent sensory, motor, or cognitive deficit. |
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| diagnosis/treatment neuro-muscular system |
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| mental/emotional disorders |
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| causes and effects of diseases of the nervous system |
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| Observation, replication, interpretation, verification |
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| (1) Gather info, identify research topic (2) generate hypothesis (3) experimentation (4) form conclusion |
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| Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee |
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| Institutional Review Board |
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| shows nuclei of all cells (1) showed neurons vs. glial cells (2) cytoarchitecture of nerve cells |
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| silver chromate stain, showed all components of neurons |
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| Neuron is the basic functional unit of the nervous system |
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| Neuron Doctrine by Ramon y Cajal |
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| microtubule (tubulin) neurofilament, microfilament (actin) |
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Comp: phospholipids bilayer & proteins
Func: regulates passage of molec.s in and out of cell |
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Comp: nuclear envelope, chromatin, & nucleolus
Func: genetic info storage |
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Comp: concentrated chromatin, RNA, & proteins
Func: ribosomal formation (rRNA) |
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Comp: Particles of Protein and RNA
Func: synthesizes proteins |
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Comp: interconnected canal/tubules
Func: provides attachment of ribosomes and transport |
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
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Comp: ... studded with ribosomes
Func: protein synthesis |
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Comp: ... no ribosomes
Func: lipid synthesis in some cells |
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Comp: stacked membraneous saccules
Func: processing, packaging of molecules |
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Comp: membraneous sacs
Func: storage and transport of substances |
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Comp: vesicle containing digestive enzymes
Func: intra-cellular digestion |
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Comp: membrane structure (with cristae)
Func: transforms food molecules into energy (ATP) |
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Comp: microtubules (actin filaments)
Func: supports cel shape/movement |
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Comp: 9+2 pattern of microtubules
Func: provides movement of cell |
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Comp: 9+0 pattern of microtubules
Func: formation of basal bodies |
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