SVA

sense of smell

Olfactory

CN I

SSA

Vision

Optic

CN II

GSE

Muscle movements of eyes

Occulomotor

CN III

GSE

Motor movements of eyes

Trochlear

CN IV

SVE- muscles of jaw, mastication, articulation, swallowing

GSA- sensory info from face and tongue and inside of mouth

pain and touch

Trigeminal

CN V

Abducens

VI

GVE- excretion of mucus

SVE- muscles of facial expression- mouth, forehead, eyelids

SVA- taste buds on anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Facial

VII

Vestibulocochlear

CN VIII

SVA- taste on posterior 1/3 of the tongue

GVA- touch on the tongue

GVE- regulation of secretion

SVE- stylopharyngus muscle

Glossopharyngeal

CN IX

SVE- muscles of pnarynx and larynx and velum

GVA- vocal and swallowing tract general sensation

SVA- taste on epiglottis and glottis

GVE- muscles to glands thoracic and abdominal viscera

Vagus

CN X

Spinal Accessory

CN XI

Hypoglossal

CN XII

CNs with bilateral cortical innervation

paresis/paralysis

atrophy

fasiculation

fibrillations

hyporeflexia

flaccidity

unilateral or bilateral CN damage

muscle disease/disease process

reduced force, range, and speed of movement of articulators

loss or reduction of voluntary skilled movements

spasticity

hypertonicity

hyperreflexia

destruction of sensory relay nuclei in ventral posterior nuclei of thalamus

increased of decreased threshold for deep and superficial sensation

altered auditory perception

burning/kinfe- like pain

Hypokinesia-reduced mobility

hyperkinesia- involuntary movement

involuntary muscle twitch

associated with Turret's Syndrome

lack of dopamine due to substantia nigra degeneration

BG lesions

bradykinesia

rigidity

resting tremors

postural instability

BG damage

Affects striatum- overactivity of dopamine

widespread continuous choreiform movements

reduced muscle tone

progressive dementia

choreiform movements of face mouth and tongue

BG lesions

prolonged use of drugs/antipsychotics esp

vascular lesion in subthalamic nuclei of BG

sudden flinging movement of limbs

contralateral affect to body

lack of voluntary muscle coordination

Cerebellar lesions

inability to perform rapidly alternating movements

cerebellar lesions

cerebellar lesions

slowness and inaccuracy in articulatory movements

disruptions in muscle tone

inconsistent and irregular function of articulators

cerebellar lesions

overshoot or undershoot of intended movement position

cerebellar lesions

lack of muscle tone

lack of equilibrium

diagnosed with Romburg test

cerebellar lesions

eyes are continually re-focusing, become jerky and shifty with rapid movement

cerebellar lesion

damage to hair cells

excess fliud which impacts hearing and balance

vertigo, tinnitus

reduced ability to understand speech dispropportionate to hearing loss

Damage to CN VIII

tumor on CN VIII

reduced hearing and disequilibrium

can affect CN V, VII

tumor on CN VIII

reduced hearing and disequilibrium

can affect CN V, VII

damage to central auditory pathway

normal hearing sensitivity

inability to perceive speech and understand language

damage in spiral ganglion or in CN VII b/f it reaches auditory system

normal hearing

reduced ability to understand speech

minimal loss of hearing sensitivity

inability to identify and localize source of a sound

difficulty with speech in noise- can't pull signal out of background noise

difficulty understanding and following conversations

deficits in integration of auditory/visual info- slowed motor reflexes

reduced ability to process and screen patterns of speech

reduced auditory attention

reduced ability to select and attend to auditory info

reduced ability to activate emotional/visceral functions associated with auditory stimuli

difficulty with linguistic processing of speech

unilateral primary cortex lesions causes

problems processing environmental sounds

non-verbal memory deficit

musical and prosodic interpretation difficulty

leads to AD

anterograde memory deficits- can't form new memories

problems w/ hormone secretion

behavioral reactions

faulty memory facilitation

corticobulbar

corticospinal

corticorubral

rubrospinal

reticulospinal

irregularities in sleep, BP, pulse, respiration, vigilance, states of consciousness

tremors

altered muscle tone

coordinates and integrates voluntary motor function

language/speech

bilateral effect on motor control of speech

effect on emotional response which can affect swallowing