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| The heart of the neuron. Contains nucleus, most of the mitochondria, ability to synthesize protein and neurotransmitters. |
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| Output conduction/transmission path of a neuron. |
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| Output terminal of a neuron. |
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| Neurons found in the spinal cord or the brain to connect multiple neurons together. Usually inhibitory. |
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| Neuron that conducts signals from one brain area to another. |
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| Proteins, typically 4 or 5, that act as extremely fast conduits for ion trafficking across neuronal membranes. Essential for signal conduction in the nervous system. Able to open and close based on electrical or chemical innervation. Highly selective on what ions can pass through a given channel. |
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| Gap in the protein structure of an ion channel. |
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| Measures the electrical potential required, in mV, to cancel the force pushing ions across their concentration gradient. (i.e. measures the necessary potential needed across a membrane to keep a given concentration of ions from moving) |
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| Chemical used to shut down sodium/potassium ATPase pump. |
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| Used as a substitute for sodium - won't pass through sodium channel. |
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| Substitute for potassium - won't pass through potassium channels. |
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| Substitute for chloride - won't pass through chloride channel. |
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| Rapid redistribution of ions along their concentration gradient. |
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| Time required for a membrane to reach half of its peak response. Equal to the product of the membrane's resistance and capacitance. |
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| Measurement of how quickly a membrane response will decay if it propagates strictly by current through the cell. |
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| Raw axon loaded with ion channels. Action potential jumps from channel to channel. Travels at about 10 m/s. |
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| Axon type used by projection neurons (motor/sensory commonly). Large insulated gaps between packed groups of ion channels. Insulation created by Schwann cells, and causes action potential to jump past gaps to the groups of ion channels. Signals travel at rates around 150 m/s. |
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| Amino acid neurotransmitter, major excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS |
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| Major amino Acid neurotransmitter for inhibition in the CNS. |
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| Disease where cells grow uncontrollably in the brain. |
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Definition
| Defective Tau proteins leading to the disintegration of microtubules in neurons. Degrades brain function. |
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| Sudden death of brain cells due to lack of blood supply. Divided into Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke. |
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| Occurs when oxygen-rich blood flow to the brain is restricted by a blood clot or other blockage. |
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Definition
| When blood vessels within the brain rupture. |
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